Effect of CO2 enrichment on the glucosinolate contents under different nitrogen levels in bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.)

Abstract

Abstract:The effects of CO 2 enrichment on the growth and glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) treated with three nitrogen (N) concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO 2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO 2 concentration, N concentration, and CO 2 ×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those of indolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO 2 . However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO 2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon (C) content increased, whereas the N and sulfur (S) contents decreased under elevated CO 2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO 2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO 2 condition.

Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and soil nitrogen on growth of two leafyBrassicavegetables

“…Boomiraj et al (2010) also found that B. juncea was sensitive to changes in CO 2 and temperature. In more recent work on Brassica vegetables, La et al (2009) examined the effects of CO 2 enrichment on the growth of Chinese kale (B. alboglabra) treated with three N concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mmol/L). Height, stem thickness and dry weights of the total aerial parts significantly increased as [CO 2 ] was elevated from 350 to 800 mmol/mol at each N concentration.…”

“…Height, stem thickness and dry weights of the total aerial parts significantly increased as [CO 2 ] was elevated from 350 to 800 mmol/mol at each N concentration. For Chinese kale, results demonstrate that high N supply is also beneficial for growth under higher e[CO 2 ] conditions (La et al 2009). …”

Location of Sampling Points in Optical Reflectance Measurements of Chinese Cabbage and Kale Leaves

“…Kale is a hardy, cool-season vegetable, similar in use and appearance to broccoli; however, it can be grown year-round in tropical regions because it tolerates summer heat (Noichinda et al, 2007). Epidemiological studies showed that there is a negative relationship between Brassicaceae vegetable intake and the risk of a number of cancers (La et al, 2009).…”

Determination of the sample number for optical reflectance measurement of vegetable leaf

“…Environmental conditions for crops growth are controlled and monitored precisely in these facilities (Ryu et al, 2014a,b). Epidemiological studies have suggested that an inverse relationship exists between dietary intake of phytochemicals called glucosinolates in Brassica vegetables and induction of cancer (La et al, 2009). Chinese cabbage is a relatively rich source of a variety of nutrients, and phytochemicals, particularly carotenoids, gluconasturtiin (aromatic glucosinolate), glucobrassicin (indolyl glucosinolate), and progoitrin (aliphatic glucosinolate) (Kang et al, 2006).…”