Effect of CO in the anode fuel on the performance of PEM fuel cell cathode

Qi, Zhigang; He, Chunzhi; Kaufman, Arthur

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00300-2

Cited by 120 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…where the exchange current density j 0 was estimated to be 0.8 Â 10 23 A/cm 2 for the cell from the experimental data obtained by Qi et al [13]. Figure 4 shows a comparison of calculated cell voltage at varying current density with experimental results obtained from the Ballard Mark IV [5].…”

Section: Semi-empirical Co Degradation Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Although it has received little attention, CO is known to permeate through the membrane and to consequently degrade the performance of the cathode catalyst layer [13]. Using the model of CO transportation in the membrane, the effect on cathode performance is simulated in the model by using a CO induced degradation factor, Q, defined as …”

Section: Semi-empirical Co Degradation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a previous experimental study by Qi et al [13], the cathode potential was measured using three different anode feeds: pure H 2 , 70 per cent H 2 plus 30 per cent CO 2 with 10 ppm CO, and 70 per cent H 2 plus 30 per cent CO 2 with 50 ppm CO. The cathode potential reflects the sum of the thermodynamic equilibrium potential, the ohmic polarization, and the cathodic activation polarization.…”

Section: Semi-empirical Co Degradation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell model with multi-species input

Rama

Chen

Thring

2005

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

DOI: 10.1243/095765005X7600Abstract: With the emerging realization that low temperature, low pressure polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technologies can realistically serve for power-generation of any scale, the value of comprehensive simulation models becomes equally evident. Many models have been successfully developed over the last two decades. One of the fundamental limitations among these models is that up to only three constituent species have been considered in the dry pre-humidified anode and cathode inlet gases, namely oxygen and nitrogen for the cathode and hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide for the anode. In order to extend the potential of theoretical study and to bring the simulation closer towards reality, in this research, a 1D steady-state, low temperature, isothermal, isobaric PEMFC model has been developed. The model accommodates multi-component diffusion in the porous electrodes and therefore offers the potential to further investigate the effects of contaminants such as carbon monoxide on cell performance. The simulated model polarizations agree well with published experimental data. It opens a wider scope to address the remaining limitations in the future with further developments.

show abstract

Section: Semi-empirical Co Degradation Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Semi-empirical Co Degradation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semi-empirical Co Degradation Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell model with multi-species input

Rama

Chen

Thring

2005

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8,9 A byproduct of this reaction is CO; however, trace amounts of CO (>10 ppm) can poison a fuel cell electrode, drastically reducing its efficiency. [10][11][12] The CuCu 2 O-CuO system has been known to facilitate oxidation reactions in the bulk, suggesting it has potential as a costeffective substitute for noble metals in various catalytic systems. [13][14][15] Here we describe a cheap, effective method of using copper oxide nanoparticles loaded onto silica gel as an exceptional catalyst toward CO oxidation at relatively low temperatures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete CO Oxidation over Cu₂O Nanoparticles Supported on Silica Gel

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We find that nearly monodisperse copper oxide nanoparticles prepared via the thermal decomposition of a Cu(I) precursor exhibit exceptional activity toward CO oxidation in CO/O 2 /N 2 mixtures. Greater than 99.5% conversion of CO to CO 2 could be achieved at temperatures less than 250°C for over 12 h. In addition, the phase diagram and pathway for CO oxidation on Cu 2 O (100) is computed by ab initio methods and found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental findings.Nanoparticles offer a larger surface-to-volume ratio and a higher concentration of partially coordinated surface sites than the corresponding bulk materials. The unique properties of nanoparticles are due to a strong interplay between elastic, geometric, and electronic parameters, as well as the effects of interactions with the support. The result of these features is often improved physical and chemical properties compared to the bulk material. It is for these reasons that heterogeneous catalysis at nanoparticle surfaces is currently under intense investigation in the catalysis community at large. 1,2 Conventional supported catalysts are generally produced by impregnation of a support medium with the desired metal ions followed by thermal treatments that result in small and dispersed active catalytic sites. 3,4 Many traditional catalysts based on the impregnation method 5,6 rely on the noble metals, in particular platinum, as the source for high activity. Such metals are recognized as a scarce resource as well as a limiting step in the development of viable energy alternatives to petroleum. Automotive exhaust catalysts (the three way catalyst) and fuel cells are examples of this tenet. 5,6 Any new system that overcomes these limitations will be invaluable.There are several important processes in heterogeneous catalysis where removal of carbon monoxide is either desired or absolutely necessary, such as in the postprocessing of Syngas 7 to produce hydrogen as an energy source for use in fuel cells. 8,9 A byproduct of this reaction is CO; however, trace amounts of CO (>10 ppm) can poison a fuel cell electrode, drastically reducing its efficiency. [10][11][12] The CuCu 2 O-CuO system has been known to facilitate oxidation reactions in the bulk, suggesting it has potential as a costeffective substitute for noble metals in various catalytic systems. [13][14][15] Here we describe a cheap, effective method of using copper oxide nanoparticles loaded onto silica gel as an exceptional catalyst toward CO oxidation at relatively low temperatures. Over sustained periods of time, conversions of 99.5% of CO to CO 2 are routinely observed and the catalyst structure is retained during the reaction. For example, during a 50 h period with the same ∼10 mg sample of copper oxide nanoparticles, over 30 L of CO is converted to CO 2 with an average conversion of 98 ( 1%.With recent developments in nanoparticle synthesis leading to the ability to control size, reproducibility, and structural complexity, it becomes urgent to define specific target structu...

show abstract

“…Recently, several researchers have found that some impurities could migrate through the membrane from one side of the cell into the other side and poison the platinum catalyst on the two sides. Qi et al [10,11] studied the effect of CO in the anode on the performance of the PEMFC cathode. They found that CO could migrate through the membrane to poison the cathode catalyst and cause dramatic performance degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%