Effect of clothing on scrotal temperature in normal men and patients with poor semen

Zorgniotti, Adrian W.; Reiss, H. E.; Tóth, Attila; Ealfon, A.S

doi:10.1016/0090-4295(82)90575-1

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Although Brindley (1982) and Jung et al (2005a) suggested that men wearing boxer shorts (loose fitting) have lower scrotal temperatures than men wearing Y-fronts (tight fitting), Munkelwitz &Gilbert (1998), andZorgniotti et al (1982a) and Hjollund et al (2002a) argued that no actual difference was evident between subjects wearing boxers and those wearing briefs (no effect on size and tightness).…”

Section: Clothingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the scrotal temperature of subjects in a sedentary posture over a heated floor

Song

Seo

2006

Int J of Andrology

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As Koreans habitually sit on the heated floor in their residential buildings, the male testis is directly exposed, and is therefore affected by the floor surface temperature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the scrotal temperature of the subjects in a sedentary posture over the heated floor. A rigid screening test was performed to select healthy subjects. Finally, six college students volunteered to participate in the experiments. Two experiments were performed in a controlled environmental chamber. Experiment I was designed for a low metabolism state, with the subjects reading a book in a sedentary posture for 50 min. The floor surface temperature (tf) was controlled by varying the temperature of water (tw) flowing into the floor coil from 15 to 50 degrees C, at 5 degrees C intervals. Experiment I revealed that the final scrotal surface temperature was 32.27, 32.62, 33.51, 33.34, 34.14, 34.28, 34.34 and 35.04 degrees C at the tw 15 degrees C (tf 17.0 degrees C), 20 degrees C (tf 20.8 degrees C), 25 degrees C (tf 24.1 degrees C), 30 degrees C (tf 27.8 degrees C), 35 degrees C (tf 31.7 degrees C), 40 degrees C (tf 35.9 degrees C), 45 degrees C (tf 38.6 degrees C) and 50 degrees C (tf 42.2 degrees C), respectively. At tf 17.0 and 20.8 degrees C, the scrotal temperature exhibited a declining pattern and a low temperature for spermatogenesis. At tf 24.1, 27.8 and 31.7 degrees C, however, the thermal regulatory system of the scrotum and testis was activated appropriately. On the contrary, scrotal temperature ascended at tf 35.9, 38.6 and 42.2 degrees C. Of the six subjects, two subjects demonstrated scrotal temperatures above 35 degrees C at tf 38.6 degrees C and four subjects exhibited scrotal temperatures above 35 degrees C at tf 42.2 degrees C. Experiment II was designed for a high metabolism state, with the subjects playing a card game in a sedentary posture for 180 min. The tf was controlled by varying the tw from 30 to 40 degrees C, at 5 degrees C intervals. Experiment II revealed that the final scrotal temperature was 33.43, 34.78 and 35.61 degrees C, and the difference between the initial and final scrotal temperatures was +0.34, +1.06 and +2.24 degrees C, at tw 30 degrees C (tf 27.8 degrees C), 35 degrees C (tf 31.7 degrees C) and tw 40 degrees C (tf 35.9 degrees C), respectively. The scrotal temperature was affected by the floor surface temperature and by the rate of metabolism of the subject in a sedentary posture. As derived from regression analysis, the recommended surface temperature of a heated floor is within 23-33 degrees C under the assumption that scrotal and consecutively testicular temperature above 35 degrees C impairs spermatogenesis.

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Section: Clothingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the scrotal temperature of subjects in a sedentary posture over a heated floor

Song

Seo

2006

Int J of Andrology

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“…The hypothesis of varicocele-induced damage to the testis by elevated temperature is based mainly on two types of observation. Firstly, varicoceles lead to increased temperature of the testis, when compared to normal men (Mieusset et al, 1989;Takihara et al, 1991;Yamaguchi et al, 1989;Zorgniotti & Sealfon, 1988;Zorgniotti et al, 1982). Secondly, elevated temperatures are known to impair spermatogenesis in man and animals (Chowdury & Steinberger, 1970;Kandeel & Swerdloff, 1988;Mieusset et al, 1987Mieusset et al, , 1989Robinson & Rock, 1967;Rommerts et at., 1980).…”

Section: Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variations in scrotal temperature of normal men and patients with varicocele before and after treatment

Lerchl¹,

Keck²,

Spiteri-Grech³

et al. 1993

Int J of Andrology

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Scrotal temperature was monitored using a portable data recorder for periods of 24 h in six normal volunteers and 48 infertile patients with unilateral varicocele while subjects pursued their regular daily activities. Temperatures during sleep (TS) were generally higher than daytime values (TD), probably as a consequence of thermal insulation in bed. These diurnal variations were found to be less pronounced in the infertile patients than in volunteers (TS - TD = 0.29 degrees C +/- 0.06 degrees C vs 0.88 degrees C +/- 0.12 degrees C; P < 0.01). Moreover, scrotal temperatures at night of patients and volunteers were indistinguishable statistically, but were different during daytime hours. After successful ligation or embolization of the spermatic-vein in 16 patients, no change in scrotal temperature was observed. Although sperm counts were higher after treatment, this difference was not significant (67.4 +/- 17.2 x 10(6) vs 105.8 +/- 25.5 x 10(6); P > 0.05). The data support the view that varicocele-related damage to the testis results from a lack of adequate cooling, and that treatment does not normalize the temperature pattern.

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“…While several works have evaluated the effect of various types of underwear (Rock and Robinson, 1965;Brindley, 1982;Munkelwitz and Gilbert, 1998;Jung et al, 2005), only 1 study has really measured the effect of clothing (Zorgniotti et al, 1982). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different positions and of clothing on the scrotal temperature of fertile men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Posture and Clothing on Scrotal Temperature in Fertile Men

Mieusset

Bengoudifa

Bujan

2007

Journal of Andrology

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Investigation of the effects of body position and clothing on the temperature of the scrotum has given discordant results. The aim of the present study was to evaluate these effects in 13 fertile male volunteers in successive positions each held for 15 minutes, either Supine, Standing, Seated with legs apart, and Seated with legs crossed (n 5 8) or Standing, Seated with legs crossed, and Standing (n 5 5), at first naked and then clothed. The Standing naked position was that in which scrotal temperature reached the lowest point. Clothing increased the scrotal temperature compared with the naked state, whatever the position. The Seated with legs crossed position had specific characteristics: in the naked state, it was thermogenic and increased scrotal temperature as much as clothing in the Supine or Standing positions; in the clothed state, the increase in temperature was less than expected, which could indicate that local mechanisms are involved. Moreover, the Seated with legs crossed position had a persisting effect on scrotal temperature in the next position. These results have both pathophysiological and epidemiological implications.

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Effect of clothing on scrotal temperature in normal men and patients with poor semen

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Changes in the scrotal temperature of subjects in a sedentary posture over a heated floor

Changes in the scrotal temperature of subjects in a sedentary posture over a heated floor

Diurnal variations in scrotal temperature of normal men and patients with varicocele before and after treatment

Effect of Posture and Clothing on Scrotal Temperature in Fertile Men

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