Effect of Clammy Inula (<i>Inula viscose</i>) Plant Extract in Combination with a Low Dose of the Fungicide Iprodione on <i>Botrytis cinerea in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i>

Abstract

The effect of native medical plant "Clammy Inula" (Inula viscosa L.) in combination with a low dose of the fungicide iprodione (Rovral ® ) against gray mould disease (Botryis cinerea Pers.) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that the plant extract had antifungal effect on mycelial growth rate and conidial germiation of pathogen isolates. The plant extract at the concentration of 1% -4% and the fungicide iprodione at the concentration of 0.2 -9 µg•ml −1 significantly reduced the mycelium growth and germination. In addition, the plant extract at the concentration of 2% -4% and iprodione at the concentration of 300 -600 µg•ml −1 significantly reduced the disease severity (%) on bean plants compared to the controls. The reduction of mycelium growth, germination, and disease severity was positively correlated with increasing plant extract and fungicide concentrations. The combination of a low dose of plant extract and fungicide at (EC 50 ) was able to reduce disease severity of gray mold by 84%. While, plant extract and fungicide alone reduced disease severity by 46% & 39% and by 70% & 76% for the isolate (Bo5-10 and Bc 99), respectively, compared with controls. The application of water extracts of I. viscose in combination of a low dose of an effective fungicide (iprodione) can be a feasible tool in reducing gray mould disease severity, but farther studies are still needed under field conditions to evaluate efficacy against the disease under field conditions.

Not Only a Weed Plant—Biological Activities of Essential Oil and Hydrosol of Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter

“…Ali-Shtayeh et al [ 45 ] reported that the water extract of D. viscosa was active against C. albicans by disc-diffusion method, while Al-Masri et al [ 46 ] demonstrated antifungal activity against Botryis cinerea in terms of reduction of mycelium growth and germination when the hydrodistillation of D. viscosa was applied in combination with a low dose of the fungicide iprodione. Moreover, a number of studies reported stronger activity of alcohol extracts of D. viscosa , mainly methanol and ethanol, on both fungal and bacterial strains [ 11 ].…”

“…The search for substances of natural origin with antiphytoviral activity is particularly important today to support biological production and the replacement of synthetic chemicals with natural agents. Scientific literature reports that the application of water extracts of D. viscosa in combination with a low dose of the effective fungicide iprodione may be a viable way to reduce the severity of gray mold disease [ 46 ]. A mixture of acetone and n -hexane extract of D. viscosa emulsified in water effectively controlled downy mildew of cucumber, late blight of potato or tomato, powdery mildew of wheat, and rust of sunflower [ 74 ].…”

Biological and Chemical control of some Tomato Fungal Diseases

“…The results of the present study show that Dittrichia viscosa (Inula) had the highest antifungal activity among all the tested plants. Inula plants contain compounds with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, nematicidal, and cytotoxic activities, and have a protective effect against oxidative stress and genotoxicity (Al-Masri et al, 2015;Koc et al, 2018). The major classes of phytochemicals present in the tested Inula were alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, and terpenoids.…”

Dittrichia viscosa: Native-Non Native Invader

“…D viscosa is a plant known in Mediterranean traditional medicine and agricultural practices (Table 1). Weed management [4,8,54,55] Pest control [40,[56][57][58][59][60] Antifungal control [31,[61][62][63][64] Biomass production [65] Regulating Bioindicator [36,66,67] Bioaccumulator [36,[68][69][70][71] Phytoremediation [36,43,55,72,73] Desertification control [33,42,74]…”