Effect of Citric Acid on Color Changes of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements an In Vitro Study

Abstract

The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the effects of 10% and 40% citric acid (CA) on the color of calcium silicate–based cements (CSCs) in comparison to the effects of common root canal irrigants. Samples of six CSCs (n = 6)—ProRootMTA (Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA, Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France), MTA Plus (Avalon Biomed Inc, by Prevest Denpro Limited, Jammu, India), MTA Repair HP (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), Ortho MTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea), and Retro MTA (BioMTA, Seoul, Korea)—were immersed in 10% and 40% CA as well as 15% EDTA, 2% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and 0.9% NaCl for 15 min, 1 h, and 24 h. ΔE values, representing the difference between the final and baseline values of the color components, were then determined using a VITA Easyshade Compact 5.0 spectrophotometer. Naked-eye evaluation of the changes in color and structures of the materials was performed using our own scale. Upon immersion of the materials in both 10% and 40% CA, there were statistically significant differences between spectrophotometric color measurement results for all CSCs (P < 0.05). However, CA does not cause dark discoloration, observable with the naked eye, of any of the materials, such as NaOCL and CHX. Significant statistical differences were also found between all CSCs in terms of submersion duration (P < 0.05). CA, which could be an alternative to EDTA use, caused greater CSCs discoloration and changed some of their structures. Unless required by the therapeutic procedure, clinicians should pay attention to the fact that the irrigant may affect the CSCs discoloration and minimize the contact time of irrigant with CSCs.

New Bioactive Calcium Silicate Cement Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair High Plasticity (MTA HP)—A Systematic Review

“…A total of 16 papers were included into the group discussing the physicochemical parameters of MTA HP [ 5 , 16 , 17 , 23 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The analysed selected physicochemical parameters of MTA HP, together with the most important results are given in Table 6 .…”

“…This feature is an undisputed advantage over the conventional MTA containing bismuth oxide as a radiopacifier [ 31 ]. Metlerska et al (2021) analyzed the effects of 10% and 40% citric acid (CA) on the color of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) in comparison to the effects of common root canal irrigants [ 35 ]. It was found that MTA repair HP was least sensitive to NaOCl solution of all the tested CSCs materials.…”

“…Only in contact with CA solution did its surface structure disintegrate. Irrigation solutions do not cause darkening of MTA HP, which could be visible to the naked eye [ 35 ].…”

Vital Pulp Therapy in Aesthetic Zone-Identifying the Biomaterial That Reduces the Risk of Tooth Discolouration

“…It was shown that residues of NaOCl could penetrate into dentin, and it was very difficult to remove from root canals. NaOCl changes the color of CSCs containing bismuth oxide [46]. When NaOCl came into contact with bismuth and other heavy metal oxides, a black precipitation appeared.…”