Effect of Circadian Rhythm Disturbance on the Human Musculoskeletal System and the Importance of Nutritional Strategies

Abstract

The circadian system in the human body responds to daily environmental changes to optimise behaviour according to the biological clock and also influences various physiological processes. The suprachiasmatic nuclei are located in the anterior hypothalamus of the brain, and they synchronise to the 24 h light/dark cycle. Human physiological functions are highly dependent on the regulation of the internal circadian clock. Skeletal muscles comprise the largest collection of peripheral clocks in the human body. Both central and peripheral clocks regulate the interaction between the musculoskeletal system and energy metabolism. The skeletal muscle circadian clock plays a vital role in lipid and glucose metabolism. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is related to an alteration in the circadian rhythm. In the present review, we discuss the disturbance of the circadian rhythm and its resultant effect on the musculoskeletal system. We also discuss the nutritional strategies that are potentially effective in maintaining the system’s homeostasis. Active collaborations between nutritionists and physiologists in the field of chronobiological and chrononutrition will further clarify these interactions. This review may be necessary for successful interventions in reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from musculoskeletal disturbances.

Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among healthcare workers in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, China: A cross-sectional study

“…Women have been found to be more vulnerable to the symptoms of depression (15)(16)(17) and anxiety (16, 18) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses had a greater likelihood of developing depression than others, but any job type of healthcare worker developed anxiety at equal odds (6). And studies also revealed that healthcare workers with bachelor's degrees had significantly higher depression and anxiety than those with different education levels (19,20).…”

“…Facing the unprecedented situation, healthcare workers have made great efforts to provide medical treatment and care to control the epidemic quickly during the COVID-19 pandemic and faced excessive workloads and psychological pressure, thereby having a large proportion of psychological problems. Compared to other occupational groups, they were particularly vulnerable to psychological problems (5)(6)(7)) and more than one-third of healthcare workers experienced anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic globally (8) and in China (9).…”

“…Several studies have been performed during the COVID-19 pandemic to show some potential influencing factors. For example, healthcare workers aged below 40 have been found to have a higher level of depressive and anxiety symptoms than those aged above 40 (6,15). Women have been found to be more vulnerable to the symptoms of depression (15)(16)(17) and anxiety (16, 18) during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

“…First, many studies showed the importance of sleep quality in mental health (33,34). Long-standing evidence suggests that insomnia is associated with depression and anxiety (6,35), and how this factor changes in the post-pandemic era is meaningful to find out. Second, psychological resilience, as a common mediating factor, could help individuals sustain emotional balance in the face of stress-inducing events (36).…”

Chitosan–sEPDM and Melatonin–Chitosan–sEPDM Composite Membranes for Melatonin Transport and Release

“…Starting with the circadian cycle [ 7 ], melatonin is involved in a series of biochemical processes related to: reducing oxidative stress [ 8 ], increasing aerobic performances [ 9 ], tissue repair [ 10 ], muscle adaptation and skeletal muscle capacity [ 11 ], sleep and neuroprotection [ 12 ], blood pressure [ 13 ], metabolic diseases [ 14 ], cancer [ 15 ], rheumatic diseases [ 16 ], trauma and accidents [ 17 ], stimulation of cartilage matrix development [ 18 ], cardiovascular diseases [ 19 ], arthritis [ 20 ], and depression [ 21 ]. In order to have an overview of all of melatonin’s connections with the body’s health level, one can imagine a spiral scheme of its effects on some diseases or conditions of the body ( Figure S1 , see supplementary material ).…”