Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose and Lipid Levels in Non–Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes

Blevins, Steve M.; Leyva, Misti J.; Brown, Joshua; Wright, Jonelle E.; Scofield, R. Hal; Aston, Christopher E.

doi:10.2337/dc07-0098

Cited by 183 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These trials have a variety of shortcomings: they generally studied well-controlled patients with type 2 diabetes 7,8,10 ; some only measured fasting glucose 6 ; some measured HbA1C after as little as 30 days' time 7 ; some had narrow age, sex, or racial limits to their study populations 6 -9 ; all excluded insulin use and comorbid conditions; and none allowed medication changes. Only one included a power analysis.…”

Section: Strengths and Weaknesses In Relation To Other Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one included a power analysis. 10 Although meta-analysis of these trials 11 is interesting, the diverse nature of the trials makes it very difficult to draw useful conclusions from a combined analysis. There are several reasons why this current trial may have shown benefit where earlier trials did not.…”

Section: Strengths and Weaknesses In Relation To Other Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Cinnamon for Lowering Hemoglobin A1C in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Crawford¹

2009

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

204

161

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Purpose: Multiple trials in the past have shown conflicting results of whether cinnamon lowers glucose or hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). The purpose of this study was to determine whether cinnamon lowers HbA1C in patients with type 2 diabetes. I performed a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate whether daily cinnamon plus usual care versus usual care alone lowers HbA1c.Methods: I randomized 109 type 2 diabetics (HbA1C >7.0) from 3 primary care clinics caring for pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients at a United States military base. Participants were randomly allocated to either usual care with management changes by their primary care physician or usual care with management changes plus cinnamon capsules, 1g daily for 90 days. HbA1c was drawn at baseline and 90 days and compared with intention-to-treat analysis. This study was approved by an institutional review board.Results As the worldwide incidence of diabetes increases, the search for dietary adjuncts to treat this lifealtering disease has become far ranging. Cinnamon is purported to be a natural insulin sensitizer, with adverse events of perioral dermatitis and stomatitis reported uncommonly with high intake.1 Both in vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that cinnamon is an insulin sensitizer. found that polyphenols from cinnamon inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products in bovine serum albumin. To date, 5 randomized trials studying cinnamon in humans with type 2 diabetes have been published, with conflicting results. 6 -10 The results of these studies are mixed, and it is unclear whether any of them were conducted among primary care populations. Two of these studies showed a possible effect of cinnamon on fasting serum glucose, but they did not examine hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels. One study showed no effect on plasma glucose. Two studies-one each done with patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes-showed no effect of cinnamon on HbA1C (Table 1). A meta-analysis of these studies in divergent populations measuring different parameters showed no effect of cinnamon on HbA1C, glucose, or lipids. 11This trial strove to replicate the conditions found in primary care, where patients often have medication changes, comorbid conditions, and dietary changes. As such, it was not an efficacy trial with every variable controlled. It attempted to determine whether the intervention of taking cinnamon lowers HbA1C. Effectiveness trials such as this are critical in determining if the interventions This article was externally peer reviewed.

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Section: Strengths and Weaknesses In Relation To Other Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengths and Weaknesses In Relation To Other Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Cinnamon for Lowering Hemoglobin A1C in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Crawford¹

2009

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

204

161

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“…The decrease observed was small but statistically significant and, therefore, medically as even small decreases in HbA1c are associated with significant reductions in diabetes comorbidities. In another uncontrolled trial in a Pakistani population with type 2 diabetes, significant reductions in both blood glucose and LDL cholesterol levels were observed in patients treated with 1 to 6 g of cinnamon daily for 40 days [10,11]; however, trials conducted under similar treatment conditions in a US population of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and in patients with mild type 2 diabetes identified no effect of cinnamon on blood glucose parameters [12,13]. It is probable that patient population characteristics, such as genetics, diet, age and disease severity, played a major role in the contradictory outcomes observed in these trials.…”

Section: Presl (Lauraceae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant derived therapeutics for the treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

Cefalu¹

2011

Planta Med

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Metabolic syndrome is defined as a set of coexisting metabolic disorders that increase an individual's likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke. Medicinal plants, some of which have been used for thousands of years, serve as an excellent source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of metabolic syndrome because they contain a wide range of phytochemicals with diverse metabolic effects. In order for botanicals to be effectively used against metabolic syndrome, however, botanical preparations must be characterized and standardized through the identification of their active compounds and respective modes of action, followed by validation in controlled clinical trials with clearly defined endpoints. This review assesses examples of commonly known and partially characterized botanicals to describe specific considerations for the phytochemical, preclinical and clinical characterization of botanicals associated with metabolic syndrome.

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“…Four papers provided information on different forms of cinnamon extracts (S.M. Blevins et al, 2007;P. Crawford, 2009;B.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the rest documented blinding of patients and trial investigators (S.M. Blevins et al, 2007) or assessors only (P. Crawford, 2009;S. Zibadi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Risks Of Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Clinical Trials in Emerging Botanical Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ooi¹,

Loke²,

Hamid³

2011

Topics in the Prevention, Treatment and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes

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Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose and Lipid Levels in Non–Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 183 publications

References 9 publications

Effectiveness of Cinnamon for Lowering Hemoglobin A1C in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Effectiveness of Cinnamon for Lowering Hemoglobin A1C in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Plant derived therapeutics for the treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

A Review of Clinical Trials in Emerging Botanical Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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