Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Cervical Epithelial Immunity: A Mechanism for Neoplastic Change?

Barton, Staci C.; Ph, Maddox; Jenkins, David; Edwards, Robert P.; Cuzick, Jack; A, Singer

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90469-2

Cited by 190 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, a very recent study reported that smoking is associated with a reduced probability of clearing oncogenic HPV infections (Giuliano et al, 2002). Associations of smoking and C. trachomatis infection with persistent HPV infections may be supported by several studies suggesting the modulation of host immunity by smoking (Barton et al, 1988) and chlamydial infection (Zhong et al, 1999). Although the DNA adjustment enhanced the CIN risk among current smokers as well as the antibody adjustment, the association of smoking with an increased risk of CIN was not statistically significant in the DNA-based analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Are smoking and chlamydial infection risk factors for CIN? Different results after adjustment for HPV DNA and antibodies

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To identify the risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), we reanalysed the data from our previous case -control study by adjusting for human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies. Unlike our previous study based only on HPV DNA, smoking and Chlamydia trachomatis infection were revealed as significant risk factors for CIN after adjustment for HPV antibodies. Infections by oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are established as a major risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC). However, only a fraction of infected women develop cervical cancer, suggesting the involvement of additional cofactors in cervical carcinogenesis. In numerous case -control studies various epidemiological factors have been suggested as relevant to CIN and ICC, although the results from these studies have not been entirely consistent (Schiffman and Brinton, 1995). In epidemiological studies of risk factors for CIN and ICC, it is of great importance to allow for the strong effect of HPV infections. To determine HPV exposure among cases and controls, most studies have used HPV DNA testing, while recent studies have employed HPV capsid serology. However, it has not been determined whether the different measurements of HPV exposure can affect conclusions from case -control studies.To address this issue, we reanalysed the data from our previous case -control study of CIN by adjusting for HPV DNA and antibodies. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe present study was conducted on women who previously participated in a Japanese case -control study of CIN. The details about this case -control study have been provided elsewhere (Yoshikawa et al, 1999). Among a total of 167 pairs, serum samples from 26 cases and 58 controls were not available for HPV capsid serology. Therefore, the present analysis was restricted to 250 subjects consisting of 141 cases (80 CIN I, 34 CIN II and 27 CIN III) and 109 controls that were tested for both cervical HPV DNA and serum HPV antibodies. The distributions of study variables in the excluded/included cases and controls were similar. We examined HPV DNA in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus primers for the HPV L1 region (Yoshikawa et al, 1999). Detection of IgG antibodies to HPV16, 52 and 58, the most frequently detected HPV types in Japan, was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified L1-capsids (virus-like particles (VLPs)) as antigens (Matsumoto et al, 2003). In addition, the level of IgG antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis was determined by using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit (Thermo Labsystems, Vantaa, Finland) that does not detect antibody to Chlamydia pneumoniae. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by a logistic regression analysis. The analysis was carried out using JMP 4.0J statistics package (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). The P-values obtained in all tests were considered significant at o0.05. RESULTSHuman papillomavirus status among cases and control...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Are smoking and chlamydial infection risk factors for CIN? Different results after adjustment for HPV DNA and antibodies

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The immunosuppressive effect of cigarette smoking on the cervical epithelium -due to a decrease in the concentration of Langerhans' cells and hence reduced ability to present viral antigens to T lymphocytes and subsequent persistence of local viral infection and the increased likelihood of the development of a virally induced neoplastic transformation -has been shown for human papillomavirus previously [47]. Smoke-induced persistent C. pneumoniae infections have been observed in endothelial cells [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) can lead to severe sequelae; however, they are not notifiable in Germany. We tested urine samples from participants of KiGGS (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) for CT infections and linked the results to demographic and behavioural data from 1,925 participants (girls aged 15-17 years and boys aged 16-17 years) to determine a representative prevalence of CT infection in adolescents in Germany and to assess associated risk factors. Prevalence of CT infection was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.4-3.5) in girls and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.7) in boys. CT infection in girls was associated with higher use of alcohol, marijuana and cigarettes, lower social status, oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, repeated lower abdominal pain and higher rates of doctors' consultations within the preceding three months and consultation of gynaecologists within the last 12 months. In multiple logistic regression, we identified two predictors for CT infection: marijuana consumption often or several times within the last 12 months (F(1,164)=7.56; p<0.05) and general health status less than 'very good' (F(1,164)=3.83; p=0.052). Given our findings, we recommend enhancing sex education before sexual debut and promoting safe sex practices regardless of the contraceptive method used. Well-informed consumption of alcohol should be promoted, the risky behaviour of people intoxicated through consumption of marijuana highlighted and doctors' awareness of CT screening enhanced.

show abstract

“…13,14 As for smoking, cigarettes per se contain carcinogenic compounds, and cigarette smoking has been linked to immunosuppression. 24,25 Second, the inhabitants should limit their intake of foods containing nitrosamines. Most fermented pork or fish dishes, including pla-ra and/or plachao, contain N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental determinants of risk for cholangiocarcinoma via Opisthorchis viverrini in a densely infested area in Nakhon Phanom, northeast Thailand

Honjo

Srivatanakul

Sriplung

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

162

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) is associated with cholangiocarcinoma. OV is common in northeast Thailand, but less than 10% of the inhabitants develop cholangiocarcinoma. Animal experiments suggest that OV infection alone does not cause cholangiocarcinoma, and thus other environmental and genetic factors may play a role in causation. We conducted a population-based case-control study in which sex, age and place of residence were matched individually. Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 alone were not associated with risk for cholangiocarcinoma, while an elevated level of antibodies against OV (ELISA) 0.200 was the strongest risk indicator (odds ratio as compared to that <0. Key words: population-based case-control study; inflammation; polymorphism; alcohol drinking; nitrosamine Cholangiocarcinoma is uncommon, and the aetiology has been elucidated only for a limited portion of cases.1 Northeast Thailand has an exceptionally high incidence of liver cancer of up to 87.5 (male) and 37.2 (female) per 100,000 (world population-adjusted incidence rate). Most of these cases have been attributed to cholangiocarcinoma.2 Infestation of the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), has been causally related to cholangiocarcinoma in this region. 3 The prevalence of OV infection in Nakhon Phanom province was between 30 and 70% with substantial variation between villages; 4 the technique for estimation of prevalence was not explicitly mentioned but supposed OV egg counting in the faeces. However, it is unknown why only a limited proportion of the inhabitants (<10%) develop cholangiocarcinoma.In our study, we hypothesised that genetic background may be a contributing factor in the occurrence of the cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, we examined the association between polymorphisms of genes for glutathione-S-transferase enzymes, GSTM1 and GSTT1, and the risk for cholangiocarcinoma. Because both enzymes function in carcinogen detoxification systems, 5 it seems reasonable to speculate that null variants of these genes may be associated with increased risk of cancer. 6The association between OV infection and cancer risk has been a common assumption, but adequate analytic epidemiological studies are sparse. Parkin and colleagues 7 reported in their casecontrol study that past or present infection with OV, as indicated by serum antibodies against OV, is associated with a 5-fold increase in cancer risk. Although the anti-OV antigen titre was elevated and reached a plateau at an approximately 2 months after OV inoculation in hamsters, 8 the transition of the antibody level over the lifespan remains uncertain in both humans and animals. We thus examined the risk of foods possibly containing OV metacercariae as well as that of OV infection as indicated by serum antibody response.In animal experiments, OV infection causes cholangiocarcinoma with coadministration of nitrosamine 9 in a dose-dependent manner.10 Diet and cigarette smoking are major sources of nitrosamine exposure, 11 and several foods and foodstuffs consumed in the study ar...

show abstract

Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Cervical Epithelial Immunity: A Mechanism for Neoplastic Change?

Cited by 190 publications

References 30 publications

Are smoking and chlamydial infection risk factors for CIN? Different results after adjustment for HPV DNA and antibodies

Are smoking and chlamydial infection risk factors for CIN? Different results after adjustment for HPV DNA and antibodies

Risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in adolescents: results from a representative population-based survey in Germany, 2003–2006

Genetic and environmental determinants of risk for cholangiocarcinoma via Opisthorchis viverrini in a densely infested area in Nakhon Phanom, northeast Thailand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About