Effect of chronic treatments with ghrelin on milk secretion in lactating rats

Nakahara, Keiko; Hayashida, Takahiro; Nakazato, Masamitsu; Kojima, Masayasu; Hosoda, Hiroshi; Kangawa, Kenji; Murakami, Noboru

doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00414-5

Cited by 29 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Thus, it would avoid the excessive metabolic cost related to pregnancy and lactation, as an inhibitory factor for embryo development (De Ambrogi et al 2003;Kawamura et al 2003;Fernández-Fernández et al 2005a;García et al 2007). Finally, it has been proposed that ghrelin may be a crucial peptide during the period of gestation, as the presence of the hormone (in its active and unacylated forms) and the GHS-R1a receptor have been detected in several fetal tissues throughout most of the pregnancy (Nakahara et al 2003).…”

Section: Effects Of Chronic Hexarelin Administration On Cyclicity Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive performance and fertility in male and female adult mice chronically treated with hexarelin

Puechagut

Martini

Stutz

et al. 2012

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Hexarelin (HEXr), a synthetic ghrelin analogue, has been associated with modifications of reproductive physiology. In previous studies of adult mice, we detected that HEXr induced significantly reduced ovulation rate and significant correlation coefficients between sexual maturation and corporal weight in offspring. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic HEXr administration on sperm concentration and functional activity, oestrous cyclicity and pregnancy index, in addition to the number of fetuses and its correlation with the number of corpora lutea. Adult Albino swiss mice were injected (sc) daily with HEXr: 100 μgkg(-1) day(-1) (HEXr D1) or 200 μgkg(-1) day(-1) (HEXr D2) for 53 days in males and 30 days in females. We detected a significantly decreased ratio in the number of fetuses per corpora lutea in females treated with HEXr D2 for 30 days before mating and during the first 6 days of pregnancy, in addition to a downward trend in the pregnancy index and percentage of females impregnated by each male treated with both doses of the analogue. Although we did not find any significant effect on additional parameters evaluated in both genders, we propose certain effects of HEXr on the implantation process and/or early development of embryos and over the in vivo reproductive capability of males.

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Section: Effects Of Chronic Hexarelin Administration On Cyclicity Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive performance and fertility in male and female adult mice chronically treated with hexarelin

Puechagut

Martini

Stutz

et al. 2012

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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“…Total RNA was extracted from fetal tissues on d 14, 15, and 19 of pregnancy using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) as described previously (24). First-strand cDNA was synthesized from 2 g of total RNA by random primer RT.…”

Section: Rt-pcr For Ghs-r 1a Mrnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Ghrelin Plays an Important Role in Rat Fetal Development during Pregnancy

et al. 2006

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Ghrelin, an acylated peptide serving as an endogenous ligand for GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), was originally isolated from rat and human stomach. In this study, we report the critical role of maternal ghrelin in fetal development. High levels of ghrelin receptor (GHS-R) mRNA were detected in various peripheral fetal tissues beginning at embryonic d 14 and lasting until birth. Fetal GHS-R expression was also confirmed in fetal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Autoradiography revealed that both des-acyl ghrelin and acyl ghrelin bind to fetal tissues. Chronic treatment of mothers with ghrelin resulted in a significant increase in birth weight in comparison to newborns from saline-treated mothers. Even when maternal food intake after ghrelin treatment was restricted through paired feeding, significant stimulation of fetal development still occurred. Conversely, active immunization of mothers against ghrelin decreased fetal body weight during pregnancy. A single ghrelin injection into the mother increased circulating ghrelin levels in the fetus within 5 min of injection, suggesting that maternal ghrelin transits easily to the fetal circulation. High levels of des-acyl ghrelin were detected in fetal blood and amniotic fluid. Both acylated and des-acyl ghrelin increased [3H]thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation of cultured fetal skin cells in a dose-dependent manner, and calcium-imaging analysis revealed that acyl and des-acyl ghrelin increased the Ca2+ influx in discrete cultured fetal skin cells, respectively. These results indicate that maternal ghrelin regulates fetal development during the late stages of pregnancy.

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“…In contrast, administration of ghrelin to the mother during the last week of gestation was associated with a 10–20% increase in birth weight [38]. Similarly, exogenous administration of ghrelin in lactating dams increased milk secretion and the pups’ weight gain [42]. These data raise the possibility that maternal ghrelin could affect energy balance in the fetus and the neonate through mobilization of maternal resources.…”

Section: Animal Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin in Growth and Development

Chanoine

2005

Horm Res Paediatr

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Exogenous administration of ghrelin increases caloric intake and stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion, two effects that are mediated through binding of ghrelin to the GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). In addition, ghrelin is thought to inhibit adipogenesis by GHS-R-independent mechanisms. In adults, ghrelin is mainly produced by the stomach. In contrast, in the fetal and early postnatal period, ghrelin gene expression is abundant in the pancreas but not in the stomach. While knockout animal studies demonstrate that ghrelin is not required for perinatal development under normal nutritional conditions, the characteristics of ghrelin metabolism during fetal development suggest that ghrelin could contribute to the programming of mechanisms involved in energy balance, such as β-cell maturation, orexigenic pathways and adipogenesis. In humans, ghrelin concentrations progressively decrease during childhood and adolescence, as well as with advancing puberty. In adolescents, similar to adults, ghrelin concentrations are inversely related to body mass index and to circulating insulin. One notable exception is the presence of elevated ghrelin concentrations in subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome, raising the possibility that ghrelin could be part of the etiology of excess food intake in this condition. These data raise a number of fascinating questions on the potential physiologic role of this hormone during growth and development.

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Effect of chronic treatments with ghrelin on milk secretion in lactating rats

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Reproductive performance and fertility in male and female adult mice chronically treated with hexarelin

Reproductive performance and fertility in male and female adult mice chronically treated with hexarelin

Maternal Ghrelin Plays an Important Role in Rat Fetal Development during Pregnancy

Ghrelin in Growth and Development

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