Effect of Chronic Smoking on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Asymptomatic Individulas.

Isaka, Yoshinari; Iiji, Osamu; Ashida, Keiichi; Imaizumi, Mitsuyoshi

doi:10.3143/geriatrics.29.735

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…These chronic nicotine effects are associated with depletion of brain microvascular t-PA antigen [24] . In a study of asymptomatic 60-year-old human subjects, simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation of smoking index with CBF in the whole brain, the right hemisphere, right and left parietal cortex, and right occipital cortex [25] . In a study by Meyer et al [26] , during follow-up of subjects at increased risk for cognitive decline, cerebral perfusion decline was accelerated by transient ischemic attacks, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, male gender and smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-Related Changes in Cerebral Perfusion in a Population of Elderly Men

Siennicki-Lantz¹,

Reinprecht²,

Wollmer

et al. 2008

Neuroepidemiology

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Aim: Smoking and hypertension are known causes of stroke and dementia. This study was designed to test the longitudinal effect of lifestyle factors and hypertension on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in old age. Method: A study of an unselected population cohort of 703 men, born in 1914, has been in progress since 1968 and the last clinical examination occurred at age 69. CBF was examined in 129 survivors who reached 82 years, using SPECT. Results: At the age of 69, the study subjects consisted of 36 smokers, 37 nonsmokers and 56 former smokers who had quit. Fourteen years later, there were no differences in CBF among them. The cohort was stratified into 69 hypertensive and 60 normotensive men. CBF in normotensives was lowest in smokers and highest in nonsmokers. No CBF differences were observed in hypertensive men regarding smoking, but their CBF was as low as in normotensive smokers. Hypertensives had a higher BMI, and higher blood glucose and triglyceride levels, but lower alcohol consumption at 69 and a lower ankle-brachial pressure index at 82 years. Alcohol consumption was highest in normotensive smokers. Conclusion: Smoking and high alcohol consumption in normotensive men are correlated to low CBF in senescence. Low CBF in hypertensive men regardless of smoking may be due to a high vascular risk profile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking-Related Changes in Cerebral Perfusion in a Population of Elderly Men

Siennicki-Lantz¹,

Reinprecht²,

Wollmer

et al. 2008

Neuroepidemiology

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“…Chronic smoking decreases basal cerebral blood flow (Kubota et al, 1983) and increases hematocrit (Isaka et al, 1993), which increases the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast (Levin et al, 2001). As the fMRI signal in this study is based on BOLD contrasts, group differences in the coupling between neural function and associated increases in cerebral blood could introduce a potential confound for interpretation of BOLD signal change (Jacobsen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Potential Confounds/limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition and Cigarette Smoking in Late Adolescence

Galván

Poldrack

Baker

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Smoking is usually initiated in adolescence, and is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Little is known, however, about the links between smoking and neurobiological function in adolescent smokers. This study aimed to probe prefrontal cortical function in late adolescent smokers, using a response inhibition task, and to assess possible relationships between inhibition-related brain activity, clinical features of smoking behavior, and exposure to cigarette smoking. Participants in this study were otherwise healthy late adolescent smokers (15-21 years of age; n ¼ 25), who reported daily smoking for at least the 6 months before testing, and age-and education-matched nonsmokers (16-21 years of age; n ¼ 25), who each reported smoking fewer than five cigarettes in their lifetimes. The subjects performed the Stop-signal Task, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. There were no significant group differences in prefrontal cortical activity during response inhibition, but the Heaviness of Smoking Index, a measure of smoking behavior and dependence, was negatively related to neural function in cortical regions of the smokers. These findings suggest that smoking can modulate prefrontal cortical function. Given the late development of the prefrontal cortex, which continues through adolescence, it is possible that smoking may influence the trajectory of brain development during this critical developmental period.

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“…17,20) Additionally, smokers often have increased hematocrit, which induces increased blood viscosity. 11) Chronic smoking decreases regional CBF and proba-A. Fukunaga et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Habitual Cigarette Smoking on Higher Cortical Function in Patients With Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms.

Fukunaga¹,

Kawase²,

Kashima

et al. 2002

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

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Postoperative changes in higher cortical function and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were investigated in patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms to assess the effect of habitual smoking on the known transient changes after aneurysm surgery. Fifty-six adults with unruptured cerebral aneurysms, including 11 heavy smokers (smoking index »600) and 45 non-smokers, were evaluated using three neuropsychological examinations, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Maze test, and the Kana-hiroi test, and single photon emission computed tomography to measure CBF before and after surgery. Neuropsychological changes were assessed by reliable change indices to take into account the practice effects. The scores of at least one examination decreased in 15 of 56 patients 1 month after surgery. On the Maze test, five of 11 heavy smokers and five of 45 non-smokers deteriorated after surgery, showing a significant difference (p ＝ 0.018). The CBF in heavy smokers often decreased after surgery, but there was no statistically significant difference in logistic regression. Three months after surgery, the neuropsychological scores of 13 of the 15 deteriorated patients recovered to the preoperative level. Higher cortical function in heavy smokers with unruptured cerebral aneurysms often decreases transiently after operation, compared to non-smokers. Therefore, surgery planning for heavy smokers with unruptured cerebral aneurysms should consider this outcome.

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Effect of Chronic Smoking on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Asymptomatic Individulas.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Smoking-Related Changes in Cerebral Perfusion in a Population of Elderly Men

Smoking-Related Changes in Cerebral Perfusion in a Population of Elderly Men

Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition and Cigarette Smoking in Late Adolescence

Effects of Habitual Cigarette Smoking on Higher Cortical Function in Patients With Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms.

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