Effect of chronic oxytocin-treatment on the bovine mammary gland immune system

Werner-Misof, C; Pfaffl, Michael W.; Meyer, Heinrich; Bruckmaier, Rupert M.

doi:10.17221/2059-vetmed

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…The derangement of the WBC and PLT are known as poor independent prognostic factors for many solid tumors [23]. On the other hand, blood NLR has been used as one of the indicators to evaluate the body's immune system, a strong prognostic factor of certain cancers [9], and as a predictor of inflammatory or infectious lesions [24] and postoperative complications [25]. In addition, blood PLR is a novel inflammatory marker, and has been demonstrated to be a predictor of various cardiovascular diseases and tumors [26], and the risk for critical limb ischemia [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in blood cytokine levels are predominant regulators of blood NLR and PLR alteration in prepartum dairy cows [9,10,11]. Both IL-6 and TNF-α are important pro-inflammatory factors that affect PMN formation and release [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immune system in the MG is a defense mechanism involving innate and acquired immunity initiated by the MG to resist bacterial invasion [9]. The papillary tube is the physical and first line defense against bacteria [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

Guan

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Mastitis is the most frequent diseases for transition cows. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate blood variables related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows. Results: Seventy-six healthy Holstein dairy cows at week 4 before calving were selected to collect blood samples from weeks -4 to 4 weekly relative to calving, respectively. Milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. According to the cut-off of somatic cell counts (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 cells ml-1, 20 cows with 200,000 cells ≤ SCC < 500,000 cells ml-1, and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 cells ml-1 were defined as high, middle, and low SCC, respectively. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher (P < 0.01) during all weeks, and non-esterified fatty acids were higher in high SCC than in low SCC cows from weeks -3 to 2 relative to calving. Higher serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.01) in low SCC than in high SCC cows indicate that the latter suffered from oxidative stress. The difference analysis of the three groups suggested that none of the above-mentioned variables can be used as potential prognostic candidates. On the other hand, high SCC cows exhibited higher blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, with a higher NLR (P < 0.01) in middle SCC than in low SCC cows. The high SCC cows had lower levels of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 (P = 0.05), but higher levels of proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.05), and PSGL-1 (P < 0.01) than low SCC cows.Conclusions: The significantly different NLR and PLR pre-partum between the middle and low SCC cows suggest their prognostic potential for postpartum mastitis risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

Guan

Wang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The derangement of the whole blood count, such as PMN, lymphocytes and PLT are known as poor independent prognostic factors for many solid tumors [21]. However, blood NLR has been used as one of the indicators to evaluate the body's immune system, a strong prognostic factor of certain cancers [8], and as a predictor of inflammatory or infectious lesions [22] and postoperative complications [23]. In addition, blood PLR is a novel inflammatory marker, and has been demonstrated to be a predictor of various cardiovascular diseases and tumors [24], and the risk for critical limb ischemia [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The immune system in the mammary gland (MG) is a defense mechanism involving innate and acquired immunity initiated by the MG to resist bacterial invasion [8]. The papillary tube is the physical and first line defense against bacteria [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

Guan

Wang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Mastitis is one of the most frequent diseases for transition cows, causing significant economic losses. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate alterations in blood inflammatory cells and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows. Results Seventy-six healthy Holstein dairy cows at week 4 before calving were selected. Blood samples were collected at weeks -4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3 and 4 relative to calving, respectively. Milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. According to the cutoff of somatic cell counts (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 ml -1 , 22 cows with 200,000 ≤ SCC < 500,000 ml -1 , and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 ml -1 were defined as high, middle, and low SCC, respectively. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher ( P < 0.01) during all weeks, and non-esterified fatty acids were elevated from weeks -3 to 2 relative to calving in high SCC cows compared to low SCC cows. Higher serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase ( P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde levels ( P < 0.01) in low SCC than in high SCC cows indicate that the latter suffered from oxidative stress. In addition, high SCC cows exhibited higher blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, with a higher NLR ( P < 0.01) in middle SCC than in low SCC cows. The high SCC cows had lower levels of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 ( P = 0.05), CD4 ( P < 0.01) and CD8 ( P < 0.01), but higher levels of proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 ( P < 0.01), TNF-α ( P < 0.05), and PSGL-1 ( P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, leading to the elevated NLR and PLR in high SCC cows. Conclusions The significantly different NLR and PLR pre-partum between the middle and low SCC cows suggest their prognostic potential for postpartum mastitis risk

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Colostrogenesis: IgG1 Transcytosis Mechanisms

Baumrucker

Bruckmaier

2014

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

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Biological transport of intact proteins across epithelial cells has been documented for many absorptive and secretory tissues. Immunoglobulins were some of the earliest studied proteins in this category. The transcellular transport (transcytosis) of immunoglobulins in neonatal health and development has been recognized; the process is especially significant with ungulates because they do not transcytose immunoglobulins across the placenta to the neonate. Rather, they depend upon mammary secretion of colostrum and intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins in order to provide intestinal and systemic defense until the young ungulate develops its own humoral defense mechanisms. The neonatal dairy calf's ability to absorb immunoglobulins from colostrum is assisted by a ~24 h "open gut" phenomenon where large proteins pass the intestinal epithelial cells and enter the systemic system. However, a critical problem recognized for newborn dairy calves is that an optimum mass of colostrum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) needs to be absorbed within that 24 h window in order to provide maximal resistance to disease. Many calves do not achieve the optimum because of poor quality colostrum. While many studies have focused on calf absorption, the principal cause of the problem resides with the extreme variation (g to kg) in the mammary gland's capacity to transfer blood IgG1 into colostrum. Colostrum is a unique mammary secretory product that is formed during late pregnancy when mammary cells are proliferating and differentiating in preparation for lactation. In addition to the transcytosis of immunoglobulins, the mammary gland also concentrates a number of circulating hormones into colostrum. Remarkably, the mechanisms in the formation of colostrum in ungulates have been rather modestly studied. The mechanisms and causes of this variation in mammary gland transcytosis of IgG1 are examined, evaluated, and in some cases, explained.

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Effect of chronic oxytocin-treatment on the bovine mammary gland immune system

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

Colostrogenesis: IgG1 Transcytosis Mechanisms

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