Effect of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on Protective T-Helper 1 and T-Helper 2 Immune Responses Against the Parasites Leishmania major and Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice

Krolewiecki, Alejandro; Leon, Shalom; Scott, Phillip; Nolan, Thomas J.; Schad, Gerhard A.; Abraham, David

doi:10.1097/00000374-200104000-00014

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…However, chronic EtOH ingestion seems to have significant effects on phenotypic and functional T cell subsets including reduced total numbers, increased CD4/CD8 ratios, and an increase in the memory:naïve phenotype ratio (Gurung et al., 2009; Young et al., 2008). Other studies suggested a decrease in Th1 immunity and an increased Th2 response in a murine model of parasitic infestation (Krolewiecki et al., 2001). In a model examining T cell responses to listeria monocytogenes, it was found that EtOH ingestion has little effect on antigen‐specific CD4 cells but causes significant reduction in antigen‐specific CD8 T cells (Gurung et al., 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Dynamic Flux in Natural Killer Cell Subsets as a Function of the Duration of Alcohol Ingestion

Ballas

Cook

Shey

et al. 2011

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Chronic ethanol consumption is associated with a wide variety of immune abnormalities including changes in T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells. However, there is conflicting information as to the direction of such immune changes. The hypothesis that was tested in this report is that, for NK cells, the changes can vary as a function of the duration of alcohol ingestion. Methods Using the Meadows-Cook murine model of chronic alcohol ingestion, the changes in NK cell function and subset distribution were examined as a function of the duration of alcohol ingestion Results Acute Alcohol ingestion resulted in decreased number and cytotoxic function of NK cells with no effect on intracellular interferon gamma expression. These abnormalities normalized after 12–14 days of alcohol ingestion and there was an increase of NK cell number and cytotoxicity after eight weeks of continued ETOH ingestion.. Ten weeks of continued alcohol consumption results in a significant decrease in the Ly49H+ CD11b+ CD27− splenic NK cell subset; this difference continued to be significant at 30 weeks. Conclusion This report may explain some of the conflicting data in the literature that examined NK cell activity in alcoholic patients. It is apparent that various abnormalities can be seen in NK cell activity and subset distribution with the flux being a function of the duration of alcohol ingestion. The demonstration of a decrease in the Ly49H+ subset (which is known to be involved in resisting murine CMV infection) may explain the reported increase in susceptibility to some viral infections in chronic alcohol abuse. Another novel finding is that changes of some subsets of NK cells are not evident until at least ten weeks of continued ETOH consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A Dynamic Flux in Natural Killer Cell Subsets as a Function of the Duration of Alcohol Ingestion

Ballas

Cook

Shey

et al. 2011

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…However, it seems that helper T cell type 2 (TH2) immune response is not impaired by the consumption of ethanol [18], [19]. Mice chronically treated with ethanol presented normal response to larvae of S. stercoralis inoculated into chambers implanted in the subcutaneous tissue [20]. For these reasons it is difficult to pin point immunosuppression induced by ethanol as the major factor for the increased prevalence of Strongyloides in chronic alcoholics, because the TH2 response, the most important resistance against this worm in humans [21], [22], is not depressed by ethanol abuse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcoholism and Strongyloides stercoralis: Daily Ethanol Ingestion Has a Positive Correlation with the Frequency of Strongyloides Larvae in the Stools

Marques¹,

Zago-Gomes²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2010

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundSignificantly higher prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis has been reported in chronic alcoholic patients. The aim of this investigation was to report the prevalence of Strongyloides larvae in stools of chronic alcoholic patients with known daily ethanol intake.MethodsFrom January 2001 through December 2003 the results of fecal examinations and the daily ethanol intake were retrieved from the records of 263 chronic alcoholic and from 590 non-alcoholic male patients that sought health care at the outpatients unit of the University Hospital C A Moraes. Alcoholic patients were separated into four groups, with 150g intervals between the groups according to the daily ethanol intake.Results(a) The frequency of Strongyloides was significantly higher in alcoholic patients than in control group (overall prevalence in alcoholic 20.5% versus 4.4% in control group; p = 0.001). Even in the group with a daily intake of ethanol equal to or less than 150g the prevalence was higher than in control group, although non significant (9.5%, versus 4.4% in control group; p = 0,071); (b) the prevalence of Strongyloides in alcoholic patients rises with the increase of ethanol intake (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient = 0.956; p = 0.022), even in patients without liver cirrhosis (Pearson's Correlation Coefficient = 0.927; p = 0.037).ConclusionThese results confirm and reinforce the hypothesis that chronic alcoholism is associated with Strongyloides infection, which is in direct relationship with the severity of alcoholism, independently of the presence of liver cirrhosis.

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“…The correlation between hookworms and S. stercoralis has been examined and confirmed by 2 recent epidemiologic studies, highlighting the common infectious route of these species that access the human host through larval penetration of intact skin 7,8 . The relationship between age and intensity of prevalence demonstrates for S. stercoralis an age distribution similar to hookworms 24 , with prevalence rising rapidly during the first 20 years with a slower but continued increase in prevalence through adult life 5,[25][26][27] . Other risk factors, initially considered to be associated with an increased risk for clinically severe disease, such as HIV or HTLV-1 infection and alcoholism have also been found to be more frequently associated with acquisition of infection 28,29 , although in the case of alcohol abuse, the risk might be linked to malnutrition rather than pure toxicity due to ethanol itself 30 .…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloidiasis

Krolewiecki

Nutman

2019

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America

153

105

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The majority of the 30-100 million people infected with Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil transmitted intestinal nematode, have subclinical (or asymptomatic) infections. These infections are commonly chronic and longstanding because of the parasite's unique life cycle that allows for autoinfection. A change in immune status can increase parasite numbers, leading to hyperinfection syndrome, dissemination, and death if unrecognized. The use of corticosteroids and HTLV-1 infection are most commonly associated with the hyperinfection syndrome. Strongyloides adult parasites reside in the small intestine and induce immune responses both local and systemic that are like other nematodes. Definitive diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection is based on stool examinations for larvae, but newer diagnostics-including new immunoassays and molecular tests-will assume primacy in the next few years. Although good treatment options exist for infection and control of this infection, S. stercoralis remains largely neglected.

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Effect of Chronic Ethanol Consumption on Protective T-Helper 1 and T-Helper 2 Immune Responses Against the Parasites Leishmania major and Strongyloides stercoralis in Mice

Abstract: Mice maintained on an ethanol-containing liquid diet had some alteration in their ability to produce Th1 and Th2 immune responses yet were capable of generating unimpaired protective Th1 and Th2 responses.

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

A Dynamic Flux in Natural Killer Cell Subsets as a Function of the Duration of Alcohol Ingestion

A Dynamic Flux in Natural Killer Cell Subsets as a Function of the Duration of Alcohol Ingestion

Alcoholism and Strongyloides stercoralis: Daily Ethanol Ingestion Has a Positive Correlation with the Frequency of Strongyloides Larvae in the Stools

Strongyloidiasis

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