Effect of chronic ammonia exposure on growth in juvenile Atlantic cod

Foss, Atle; Siikavuopio, Sten Ivar; Sæther, Bjørn‐Steinar; Evensen, Tor Hatten

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.03.013

Cited by 83 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A third of the water (at appropriate DO level) in each container was changed every 6 h for the 12 and 24 h treatments to maintain pH above and ammonia levels below stress levels. The pH and ammonia levels were checked randomly before and after water change in 2001. pH never dropped below 7 and ammonia (NH 3 ) remained below 0.055 mg l -1 for all treatments, which is below stress thresholds determined for fishes (Foss et al 2004). At the completion of the manipulation, the plates were redeployed in the river.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Epifaunal disturbance by periodic low levels of dissolved oxygen: native vs. invasive species response

Jewett¹,

Hines²,

Ruiz³

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Hypoxia is increasing in marine and estuarine systems worldwide, primarily due to anthropogenic causes. Periodic hypoxia represents a pulse disturbance, with the potential to restructure estuarine biotic communities. We chose the shallow, epifaunal community in the lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA, to test the hypothesis that low dissolved oxygen (DO) (< 4 mg l -1 ) affects community dynamics by reducing the cover of spatial dominants, creating space both for less dominant native species and for invasive species. Settling panels were deployed at shallow depths in spring 2000 and 2001 at Gloucester Point, Virginia, and were manipulated every 2 wk from late June to mid-August. Manipulation involved exposing epifaunal communities to varying levels of DO for up to 24 h followed by redeployment in the York River. Exposure to low DO affected both species composition (presence or absence) and the abundance of the organisms present. Community dominance shifted away from barnacles as level of hypoxia increased. Barnacles were important spatial dominants which reduced species diversity when locally abundant. The cover of Hydroides dianthus, a native serpulid polychaete, doubled when exposed to periodic hypoxia. Increased H. dianthus cover may indicate whether a local region has experienced periodic, local DO depletion and thus provide an indicator of poor water-quality conditions. In 2001, the combined cover of the invasive and cryptogenic species in this community, Botryllus schlosseri (tunicate), Molgula manhattensis (tunicate), Ficopomatus enigmaticus (polychaete) and Diadumene lineata (anemone), was highest on the plates exposed to moderately low DO (2 mg l -1 < DO < 4 mg l -1 ). All 4 of these species are now found worldwide and exhibit life histories well adapted for establishment in foreign habitats. Low DO events may enhance success of invasive species, which further stress marine and estuarine ecosystems.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Epifaunal disturbance by periodic low levels of dissolved oxygen: native vs. invasive species response

Jewett¹,

Hines²,

Ruiz³

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In high density culture systems, this may cause constant high levels or periodical peaks of ambient un-ionised ammonia depending on feeding regime/intensity and water flow rate, which can be detrimental to the fish. Chronic exposure of sublethal concentrations of ammonia has been found to reduce growth and cause physiological disturbance in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, Foss et al 2004), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, Rasmussen and Korsgaard 1998;Person-Le Ruyet et al 2003) and spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor, Foss et al 2003) juveniles. Atlantic halibut is in part produced in land-based farms where sea water is pumped into tanks and often re-used in order to save energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of chronic and periodic exposures to ammonia on the eye health in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

Liakonis

Waagbø²,

Foss

et al. 2011

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The effects of chronic and periodic peaks of un-ionised ammonia (UIA-N) exposure on eye health and cataract formation in juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, were examined. Fish with mean initial weight 51.7 g (SD 13.2) were exposed to five treatments consisting of control group and three groups (ChronicLow, ChronicMedium and ChronicHigh,) chronically exposed with UIA-N of 0.06, 0.12 to 0.17 mg/l, respectively, for 62 days at 11.9°C, pH 8.0 and salinity 34‰. Furthermore, a fifth group (HighPulse) was exposed to the same high levels as ChronicHigh for a short daily period (peak of 15 mg/l 30 min after exposure, 10 mg/l 1 h after exposure and 1.2 mg/l 3 h after exposure). In the subsequent period of the experimental study (from day 63 until day 100), no ammonia was added to the water. Mean weights were significantly lower in groups exposed to chronically high ambient ammonia concentrations compared to corresponding control group throughout the experimental period. The sampled fish exhibited signs of mild cataract formation, although the results showed no clear evidence that the ammonia treatments contributed to differences. Minor differences were found in measured muscle free amino acids, which could be used to explain potential changes in buffering capacity. The eye histidine status differed significantly at day 62, and osmotic differences in the eye lenses (measured as differences in N-acetyl histidine) were found in all group exposed to chronic levels of ammonia.

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“…, , TAN4 UIA 0.12 mg/L dover sole (Solea solea), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) (Alderson, 1979), spotted wolfish (Anarhichas minor) (Foss et al, 2003), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (Foss et al, 2004), European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Lemarié et al, 2004), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) (Wajsbrot et al, 1993), Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) (Pinto et al, 2007) .…”

Section: 사육수의 암모니아 농도가 돌돔(Oplegnathus Fasciatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ammonia Concentration in Rearing Water on Growth and Blood Components of the Parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus

Park¹,

Kim²,

Jeon³

2014

Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

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This study investigated growth and hematological changes in parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus (~200 g/fish) reared under different total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations (0, 4, or 8 mg/L) for 6 weeks. Survival rates of parrotfish in all experimental groups did not significantly differ, as they were all ~100%. Although specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain, and daily feed intake in the high TAN concentration group (TAN8) were significantly lower than in the other two groups, there was no significant difference between the TAN4 group and the control group, (TAN0), indicating that parrotfish have a strong resistance to ammonia toxicity. As for temporal changes of the major blood components, cortisol increased as a result of stress caused by the high ammonia concentration in the TAN8 group. For this reason, the concentrations of energy sources such as glucose and total cholesterol were reduced. However, there was little difference among all experimental groups in concentrations of liver function glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and nutrient factors, such as total protein and albumin.

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Effect of chronic ammonia exposure on growth in juvenile Atlantic cod

Cited by 83 publications

References 27 publications

Epifaunal disturbance by periodic low levels of dissolved oxygen: native vs. invasive species response

Epifaunal disturbance by periodic low levels of dissolved oxygen: native vs. invasive species response

Effects of chronic and periodic exposures to ammonia on the eye health in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus)

Effect of Ammonia Concentration in Rearing Water on Growth and Blood Components of the Parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus

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