“…This carbonyl stress imposed by reactive VOC metabolites damages organelles, therefore contributing to FLD (see also Sections 3 , 5 ). For example, VC and other VOCs such as acrolein, benzene, hexane, toluene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acetone have been shown to damage mitochondria, causing bioenergetic dysfunction and cell damage 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 . If exposure to VOCs is high enough, this damage and dysfunction can ultimately lead to organ damage.…”