Effect of Chloride Content in Ash in Oxidation Kinetics of Ni-Based and Fe-Based Alloys

Schaal, Emmanuel; Nugent, David; Panteix, Pierre-Jean; Rapin, Christophe; Brossard, Jean-Michel; Maad, Farès

doi:10.1007/s11085-015-9556-1

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is worth mentioning that reactions 1 and 2 are not thermodynamically favored (Δ r G°> 0) indicating that the direct reaction of solid KCl with protective Cr 2 O 3 scales is very unlikely. However, as proposed by Li et al 13 as well as Schaal et al, 66 the vapor pressure of KCl is non-negligible at 650 °C (≈10 −5 atm) and can lead to reactions between gaseous KCl molecules and oxides. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no clear explanation has been given in the literature on the mechanisms leading to the dissolution of chromia scales into chromates in biomass firing environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Cr Diffusion Coatings on Ferritic–Martensitic Superheater Tube Material X20CrMoV12-1 under Conditions Mimicking Biomass (Co-)firing

et al. 2020

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Co-firing of biomass is currently attracting more attention because it is a major step toward reducing CO2 emissions from power generation and can be directly realized within existing plants. Despite its many benefits, considerable challenges in terms of corrosion prevention and durability of the plant components arise because of highly increased amounts of chlorine and alkali species inside the steam generator. Ferritic–martensitic superheater tube steels are particularly challenged and subjected to rapid degradation with the pursuit of achieving higher biomass-to-coal firing ratios. In order to improve the corrosion behavior of such structural materials in environments relevant for biomass (co-)firing, the present paper suggests enrichment of Ni (against chlorine-induced attack) and Cr (against sulfur-induced attack) in the surfaces of the metallic tubes. For this purpose, a Cr and a combined Ni + Cr diffusion coating were manufactured on ferritic–martensitic X20CrMoV12-1 steel and investigated in environments simulating pure coal, co-firing, as well as pure biomass firing (straw). Exposure tests were conducted at 650 °C for up to 1900 h in SO2- and/or HCl-containing atmospheres with specimens embedded in real power plant combustion ashes. Pure biomass firing clearly accelerated the corrosion attack compared to partial substitution of coal and pure coal firing. However, the Ni + Cr coating performed very well and increased the corrosion resistance of the ferritic–martensitic substrate. As far as degradation mechanisms are concerned, the first stage of the attack turned out to be dominated by chlorine followed by a shift toward sulfur-induced corrosion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Cr Diffusion Coatings on Ferritic–Martensitic Superheater Tube Material X20CrMoV12-1 under Conditions Mimicking Biomass (Co-)firing

et al. 2020

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“…Thus, WTE is expected to provide an important strategy for the safe disposal of MSW in China . However, harsh environments generated during MSW combustion, which is characterized by a combination of high levels of NaCl together with HCl and low amounts of SO 2 , − frequently lead to severe corrosion of superheater tubes in WTE boilers . As a consequence, the maintenance costs of WTE plants increase, and the maximum achievable steam temperature of the MSW incineration boilers is limited …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Corrosion Kinetic Measurement and Morphology Observation of Superheater Tube 12Cr1MoV Alloy in Simulated MSWI Flue Gas Containing Varied HCl or SO₂ Concentrations

et al. 2022

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Severe corrosion to superheater tubes at high temperatures was gained virtually by gaseous corrosion media, such as HCl and SO 2 , in the municipal solid waste incineration flue gas. To clarify the effect of varying concentrations of HCl and SO 2 in the oxidizing atmosphere on the corrosion of 12Cr1MoV, a commercial alloy used in superheaters, two series of corrosion tests under simulated flue gas were performed. Both the corrosion kinetics and corrosion morphology were measured in this work. The results of the present study demonstrated that the addition of HCl was more corrosive than that of SO 2 under an oxidizing atmosphere. The increased HCl concentration had an accelerating effect on the corrosion rate, but the relation between the two was not linear. In contrast, SO 2 exhibited a negligible or even inhibitory effect on corrosion. Both series of test results consistently proved that the temperature had a significant influence on the corrosion of 12Cr1MoV alloy, in particular at 580 °C.

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“…Those heavy metal chlorides cause accelerated corrosion in WtE environment [9,10] due to the formation of salt mixtures with low temperature melting points. The influence of alkali chlorides content in ash mixtures representative of WtE deposit on the corrosion behavior of 16Mo3 steel and Inconel 625 alloy was studied at temperatures between 450 °C and 650 °C [11]. Two different ashes, one with 10 wt% and one with 40 wt% of chlorides were used for this previous study which allowed to establish that:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present work is focused on the influence of 10 wt% zinc chloride in synthetic ashes on corrosion kinetics in air atmosphere. Results have been compared with those obtained in ashes without heavy metal chlorides [11]. Few studies have been made with heavy metal chlorides in representative ashes, and their precise effect remains not fully understood yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The low steel alloy (16Mo3) and the Ni-based superalloy (Inconel 625), were exposed to those ashes at 650 °C during 100 h in order to evaluate the most corrosive ash mixture. Tests in air lab, in crucibles have been performed in the same way as previously [11] in order to compare results and so, to evaluate the influence of heavy metal content in ash on corrosion kinetics. Thickness and mass losses of alloys were the criterions evaluated during this study, which are more relevant than mass gain or oxide layer thickness in order to establish lifetime prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Zinc Chloride in Ash in Oxidation Kinetics of Ni-Based and Fe-Based Alloys

et al. 2016

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Corrosion by molten phases leads to severe corrosion on heat exchangers in Waste-to-Energy plants.In addition, presence of heavy metal chlorides in ash deposit increases degradation at low temperature due to the formation of highly corrosive molten phases. In this study, two heat exchanger materials, a low alloy steel (16Mo3) and a nickel based alloy (Inconel 625) were exposed in air to three different synthetic ashes, with various chloride contents, including ZnCl2 at isotherm temperatures of 450 °C and 650 °C in a muffle furnace. After the test, thickness and mass losses were evaluated on two separate samples, and metallographic cross sections of the specimens were characterized with a SEM/EDX analyzer. Both measurement results were in good agreement and have shown that the corrosion observed on both materials was higher in presence of zinc chloride in ash at 450 °C than in ashes without heavy metal chloride at 650 °C.

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Effect of Chloride Content in Ash in Oxidation Kinetics of Ni-Based and Fe-Based Alloys

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Cr Diffusion Coatings on Ferritic–Martensitic Superheater Tube Material X20CrMoV12-1 under Conditions Mimicking Biomass (Co-)firing

Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Cr Diffusion Coatings on Ferritic–Martensitic Superheater Tube Material X20CrMoV12-1 under Conditions Mimicking Biomass (Co-)firing

Study of Corrosion Kinetic Measurement and Morphology Observation of Superheater Tube 12Cr1MoV Alloy in Simulated MSWI Flue Gas Containing Varied HCl or SO₂ Concentrations

Effect of Zinc Chloride in Ash in Oxidation Kinetics of Ni-Based and Fe-Based Alloys

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Effect of Chloride Content in Ash in Oxidation Kinetics of Ni-Based and Fe-Based Alloys

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Cr Diffusion Coatings on Ferritic–Martensitic Superheater Tube Material X20CrMoV12-1 under Conditions Mimicking Biomass (Co-)firing

Long-Term Corrosion Behavior of Cr Diffusion Coatings on Ferritic–Martensitic Superheater Tube Material X20CrMoV12-1 under Conditions Mimicking Biomass (Co-)firing

Study of Corrosion Kinetic Measurement and Morphology Observation of Superheater Tube 12Cr1MoV Alloy in Simulated MSWI Flue Gas Containing Varied HCl or SO2 Concentrations

Effect of Zinc Chloride in Ash in Oxidation Kinetics of Ni-Based and Fe-Based Alloys

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Study of Corrosion Kinetic Measurement and Morphology Observation of Superheater Tube 12Cr1MoV Alloy in Simulated MSWI Flue Gas Containing Varied HCl or SO₂ Concentrations