“…Although a meta‐analysis of publicly available data, related to transcriptome investigations of plants defense priming, evidenced a common set of conserved transcriptional changes on plants upon stress conditions, (Baccelli, Benny, Caruso, & Martinelli, 2020), the detailed role of the chitosan in the induction of defense mechanisms has been shown for sweet oranges (Coqueiro et al., 2015) and strawberries (Landi et al., 2017). The most common approaches related to the study of enzyme activities (Adiletta, Zampella, Coletta, & Petriccione, 2019; Ali et al., 2014; Pasquariello et al., 2015; Shao et al., 2015; Wang & Gao, 2013) and the expression of individual genes (Chun & Chandrasekaran, 2019; Fooladi vanda, Shabani, & Razavizadeh, 2019; Landi et al., 2014; Ma et al., 2013; Petriccione et al., 2017) have been investigated, both of which are associated with reactive oxygen species, specific PR proteins, cell‐wall enzymes and secondary metabolites. Usually, these individual studies have shown wide variability associated with host fruit species, application methods and times of treatment.…”