Effect of chitosan on Toxoplasma gondii infection: A systematic review

Cheraghipour, Kourosh; Masoori, Leila; Ezzatkhah, Fatemeh; Salimikia, Iraj; Amiri, Sana; Makenali, Ali Safar; Taherpour, Farshad; Mahmoudvand, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00189

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In recent years, the anti-parasitic activities of chitosan and its various derivatives/formulations have been studied against several parasitic pathogens such as C. pavum [ 25 ], Echinococcus spp. [ 26 ], and T. gondii [ 27 , 28 ]. For example, Mammeri et al (2018) demonstrated that chitosan significantly decreased the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by >95% after 24 h of treatment with chitosan mix (C-Mix) and chitosan N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (CNAD).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials as Valuable Sources of Anti-Leishmanial Agents: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background: The current chemotherapy agents against various forms of leishmaniasis have some problems and side effects, including high toxicity, high cost, and the emergence of resistant strains. Here, we aimed to review the preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) on the anti-leishmanial activity of chitosan and chitosan-based particles against Leishmania spp. Methods: This study was conducted based on the 06-PRISMA guidelines and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility (SyRF) database. Various English databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were used to find the publications related to the anti-leishmanial effects of chitosan and its derivatives and other pharmaceutical formulations, without a date limitation, to find all the published articles. The keywords included “chitosan”, “chitosan nanoparticles”, “anti-leishmanial”, “Leishmania”, “leishmaniasis”, “cutaneous leishmaniasis”, “visceral leishmaniasis”, “in vitro”, and “in vivo”. The language for data collection were limited to English. Results: Of 2669 papers, 25 papers, including 7 in vitro (28.0%), 7 in vivo (28.0%), and 11 in vitro/in vivo (44.0%) studies conducted up to 2020 met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most common species of Leishmania used in these studies were L. major (12, 48.0%), L. donovani (7, 28.0%), and L. amazonensis (4, 16.80%). In vivo, the most used animals were BALB/c mice (11, 61.1%) followed by hamsters (6, 33.3%) and Wistar rats (1, 5.5%), respectively. In vitro, the most used Leishmania form was amastigote (8, 44.4%), followed by promastigote (4, 22.2%), and both forms promastigote/amastigote (6, 33.3%). Conclusion: According to the literature, different types of drugs based on chitosan and their derivatives demonstrated considerable in vitro and in vivo anti-leishmanial activity against various Leishmania spp. Based on the findings of this review study, chitosan and its derivatives could be considered as an alternative and complementary source of valuable components against leishmaniasis with a high safety index. Nevertheless, more investigations are required to elaborate on this result, mainly in clinical settings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 25 ], Echinococcus granulosus [ 26 ], Leishmania spp. [ 23 , 24 ], and Toxoplasma gondii [ 27 , 28 ]. The present study aimed to review the preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) on the anti-leishmanial activity of chitosan and chitosan-based particles against Leishmania spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials as Valuable Sources of Anti-Leishmanial Agents: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…To improve the protective efficacy, nanotechnology has been widely used as vehicles to deliver vaccines [42,59], and many methods have been developed for nanosphere synthesis [49,50]. Different methods of nanosphere formulation can affect physical characteristics, and in the present study, the modified ionic gelation technique and double emulsion solvent evaporation technique were conducted for chitosan and PLGA nanosphere formulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic)-acid (PLGA) is widely used in vaccine and drug delivery due to its non-toxicity, tissue biocompatibility, and biodegradability [48]. As an attractive carrier and adjuvant, chitosan and PLGA have been evaluated to be suitable in delivery of recombinant protein or DNA vaccine [49,50]. Herein, we made a new attempt to synthesize chitosan and PLGA nanospheres based on the pVAX1 plasmids expressing T. gondii histone deacetylase SIR2 (pVAX1-SIR2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Histone Deacetylase SIR2 Enhanced Protective Immunity in Mice

Cao

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutics

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The pathogen of toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is a zoonotic protozoon that can affect the health of warm-blooded animals including humans. Up to now, an effective vaccine with completely protection is still inaccessible. In this study, the DNA vaccine encoding T. gondii histone deacetylase SIR2 (pVAX1-SIR2) was constructed. To enhance the efficacy, chitosan and poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic)-acid (PLGA) were employed to design nanospheres loaded with the DNA vaccine, denoted as pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres. The pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids were transfected into HEK 293-T cells, and the expression was evaluated by a laser scanning confocal microscopy. Then, the immune protections of pVAX1-SIR2 plasmid, pVAX1-SIR2/CS nanospheres, and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres were evaluated in a laboratory animal model. The in vivo findings indicated that pVAX1-SIR2/CS and pVAX1-SIR2/PLGA nanospheres could generate a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response, as indicated by the regulated production of antibodies and cytokines, the enhanced maturation and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression of dendritic cells (DCs), the induced splenocyte proliferation, and the increased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, this enhanced immunity could obviously reduce the parasite burden in immunized animals through a lethal dose of T. gondii RH strain challenge. All these results propose that pVAX1-SIR2 plasmids entrapped in chitosan or PLGA nanospheres could be the promising vaccines against acute T. gondii infections and deserve further investigations.

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“…Todays, it has been proven that chitosan-based biomedical drugs such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, coatings, suspensions, powders, membranes, films, etc. are able to affect the pharmaceutical and biomedical effects of these agents [27,28]. In recent years, several studies have reported the antimicrobial effects of chitosan and its derivatives against a broad spectrum of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, as well as helminthic and protozoan parasites [29][30][31].…”

Section: Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Nanoparticles for Treating Giardia Infection: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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At present, chemotherapy with some drugs such as nitroimidazoes derivatives is the preferred treatment for giardiasis. However, these agents are associated with adverse side effects ranging from nausea to possible genotoxicity. The present investigation was designed to systematically review the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies about the efficacy of nanoparticles against giardiasis. The study was carried out based on the 06-PRISMA guideline and registered in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Facility (SyRF) database. The search was performed in five English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, without time limitation for publications around the world about anti-Giardia effects of all organic and inorganic nanoparticles without date limitation in order to identify all the published articles. The searched words and terms were “Giardiasis”, “Giardia lamblia”, “Giardia intestinalis”, “Giardia duodenalis”, “nanoparticles”, “nanomedicine”, “in vitro”, in vivo”, and “clinical trial”. Out of 312 papers, 10 papers, including 4 in vitro (40.0%), 5 in vivo (50.0%), and 1 in vitro/in vivo (10.0%) up to 2021 met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most common type of nanoparticles was metal nanoparticles (5 studies, 50.0%) such as silver, gold, etc., followed by organic nanoparticles such as chitosan nanoparticles (4 studies, 40.0%). The results of this review study showed the high efficacy of a wide range of organic and non-organic NPs against giardiasis, indicating that nanoparticles could be considered as an alternative and complementary resource for treating giardiasis, since they have no significant toxicity. However, more studies are required to elucidate this conclusion, especially in clinical systems.

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Effect of chitosan on Toxoplasma gondii infection: A systematic review

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials as Valuable Sources of Anti-Leishmanial Agents: A Systematic Review

Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials as Valuable Sources of Anti-Leishmanial Agents: A Systematic Review

Nano DNA Vaccine Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Histone Deacetylase SIR2 Enhanced Protective Immunity in Mice

Applying Nanoparticles for Treating Giardia Infection: A Systematic Review

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