Effect of chemical structure and cross-link density on the heat resistance of phenolic resin

Wang, Yong; Wang, Shujuan; Bian, Cheng; Zhong, Yuhu; Jing, Xinli

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.11.016

Cited by 84 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The N1s XPS spectra analysis were found the appearance of two typical peaks: the HNC2 group at 399.6 eV and the NC3(4) group at 401.0 eV 38 39 40 . The group of HNC2 and NC3(4) are the characteristic structure of N-methylene bridges and tertiary/quaternary nitrogen, respectively, which is the main intermediate of the cured NP nanofoam 41 42 . The HNC2 is the major product and the mole fraction reaches up to 81% for NP0.5, and even over 92% for NP1.0, accounting for the higher T 5% , T 10% , T d.max and char yield ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super flame-retardant lightweight rime-like carbon-phenolic nanofoam

Cheng

Hong

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The desire for lightweight nanoporous materials with high-performance thermal insulation and efficient anti-ablation resistance for energy conservation and thermal protection/insulation has greatly motivated research and development recently. The main challenge to synthesize such lightweight materials is how to balance the relationship of low thermal conductivity and flame retardancy. Herein, we propose a new concept of lightweight “rime-like” structured carbon-phenolic nanocomposites to solve this problem, where the 3D chopped network-structured carbon fiber (NCF) monoliths are incorporated with nanoporous phenolic aerogel to retain structural and functional integrity. The nanometer-scaled porous phenolic (NP) was synthesized through polymerization-induced phase separation and ambient pressure drying using phenolic resin (PR) solution as reaction source, ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) as catalyst. We demonstrate that the as-prepared NCF-NP nanocomposite exhibits with a low density of 0.25–0.35 g/cm3, low thermal conductivity of 0.125 Wm−1K−1 and outstanding flame retardancy exceeding 2000 °C under arc-jet wind tunnel simulation environment. Our results show that the synthesis strategy is a promising approach for producing nanocomposites with excellent high-temperature heat blocking property.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Super flame-retardant lightweight rime-like carbon-phenolic nanofoam

Cheng

Hong

Zhang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…It is worthy to take note that the average of molecular weight between crosslinks, M c which one of the important parameter characterizing crosslinked polymers, is directly related to the crosslink density [14]. Significantly, the resulted M c affected the physical and mechanical properties of crosslinked polymer [14]- [15] which is useful to indicate the suitable use or intended applications of an elastomer. As such, numerous works has been focused on the effect of crosslinking density towards the properties of the polymers [16]- [17].…”

Section: E Films Tensile Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Prevulcanisation Time on the Latex Particles, Surface Morphology and Strength of Epoxidised Natural Rubber Films

2015

3rd International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences (CAMS-2015) Dec. 10-11, 2015 Singapore

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A preliminary investigation on the use of sulphur vulcanisation system to prevulcanise the Epoxidation Natural Rubber Latex (ENR) is described in the paper. In this study, using a conventional sulphur acceleration system, the prevulcanisation of ENR25 latex was investigated as a function of time. The influence of the prevulcanisation time on the surface morphology, crosslinking and strength of the resulting films was investigated via optical light microscopy, crosslink density and tensile strength measurement respectively. The morphology of unvulcanised and prevulcanised ENR25 latex particles were also compared using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). Film formation of ENR25 films displayed changes from relatively smoother to coarse and undulate surfaces as prevulcanisation time increases. The results of crosslink density indicated an increment in crosslink formation after 24 hours, whilst it decreases after 48 hours of prevulcanisation time. Similar trend for swelling behaviour of ENR films was also observed. These results suggested that the most obvious influence of prevulcanisation time is the physical property where the increment in tensile strength accompanied longer prevulcanisation time. This increment in strength is particularly obvious at beginning of vulcanisation process, but was decreased after 48 hours. It is clear that the prevulcanisation time for vulcanised ENR25 films have a profound influenced on the film formation and should be controlled to achieve the desirable properties.

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“…However, similar with other polymer-based composites, phenolic resin was also restricted due to the thermal degradation and failure. The disintegration of phenolic matrix resulting from pyrolysis destroys the basic structure of composites [4], which results in the failure of function composites. Therefore, it is an important issue for comprehending the mechanism and process of pyrolysis of phenolic resin.…”

Section: Introduction mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation on Pyrolysis Products of Thermoset Phenolic Resin with Different Chemical Structure and Experimental Validation

Hu¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2019

JMSE-A

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The simulation on pyrolysis products of pure PF resin with different chemical structure was investigated and validated by pyrolysis gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The simulation of pyrolysis products of phenolic resin with different chemical structure was investigated by AMBER (Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement) force field. The content of pyrolysis products phenol and cresol decreases with the increase of F/P (formaldehyde/phenol) value. The content of pyrolysis products dimethylphenol and trimethylphenol increases with the enhancement of F/P value. The crosslink density of phenolic mixture can be measured by the content of pyrolysis products dimethylphenol and trimethylphenol. Consequently, the results of simulation were validated by the Py-GC/MS experiment.

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Effect of chemical structure and cross-link density on the heat resistance of phenolic resin

Cited by 84 publications

References 37 publications

Super flame-retardant lightweight rime-like carbon-phenolic nanofoam

Super flame-retardant lightweight rime-like carbon-phenolic nanofoam

Effect of Prevulcanisation Time on the Latex Particles, Surface Morphology and Strength of Epoxidised Natural Rubber Films

Simulation on Pyrolysis Products of Thermoset Phenolic Resin with Different Chemical Structure and Experimental Validation

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