Effect of Chemical Stabilizers on the Thermostability and Infectivity of a Representative Panel of Freeze Dried Viruses

Abstract

As a partner of the European Virus Archive (EVA) FP7 project, our laboratory maintains a large collection of freeze-dried viruses. The distribution of these viruses to academic researchers, public health organizations and industry is one major aim of the EVA consortium. It is known that lyophilization requires appropriate stabilizers to prevent inactivation of the virus. However, few studies have investigated the influence of different stabilizers and lyophilization protocols on the thermostability of different viruses. In order to identify optimal lyophilization conditions that will deliver maximum retention of viral infectivity titre, different stabilizer formulations containing trehalose, sorbitol, sucrose or foetal bovine serum were evaluated for their efficacy in stabilizing a representative panel of freeze dried viruses at different storage temperatures (-20°C, +4°C and +20°C) for one week, the two latter mimicking suboptimal shipping conditions. The Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50% (TCID50) assay was used to compare the titres of infectious virus. The results obtained using four relevant and model viruses (enveloped/non enveloped RNA/DNA viruses) still serve to improve the freeze drying conditions needed for the development and the distribution of a large virus collection.

Susceptibility of Chikungunya Virus to Inactivation by Heat and Commercially and World Health Organization-Recommended Biocides

“…Furthermore, we demonstrate a superior virucidal effect of propanol-based disinfectants over ethanol-based solutions. The resistance of CHIKV to short-term drying is consistent with results for freeze-dried virus [ 12 ]. This finding underlines the necessity to probe existing antiviral disinfection protocols against emerging viral pathogens because this property could pose a potential risk for nonvector transmission of the virus.…”

Evaluation of Immune Responses and Histopathological Effects against Gamma Irradiated Avian Influenza (Sub type H9N2) Vaccine on Broiler Chicken

“…In this study, we showed IFNγ concentration in an intranasal routes were more than an injection way. One of the opinion for the reason to increase IFN-γ, antibody titration and lymphocyte proliferation in the IVT-intranasal group is that Trehalose not only is as a protectant for viral protein during freezing of irradiated viral stock at -70 ° C [32], but also it makes more viscosity in the vaccine solution. Therefore, when a drop of vaccine puts into the bird's nose and the most of the time, the bird shakes its head and it makes a portion of the drop throw out, however, the vaccine solution with Trehalose is used, by head shaking it doesn't throw out because of the more viscous solution.…”

The COVID-19 Vaccine Race: Challenges and Opportunities in Vaccine Formulation

“…The excipients can also stabilize the active ingredient during the manufacturing process. For example, sugars are often used in live-attenuated vaccines as the cryoprotectant to protect the viability during the lyophilization process (69). For vaccines using modifiable delivery vehicles such as mRNA in LNP vehicles, surface modification to the LNP can also stabilize the particles.…”