“…According to Salem et al [24] the red shift of the E abs between Fe compounds containing only Fe 2+ or only Fe 3+ is about 3 eV. Taking into account that our Mö ssbauer results revealed a decrease of the Fe 2+ content as the ash concentration increases, the shift in the edge position could be attributed to modifications in the ionicity of the Fe-O bond [25] and the coordination environment (bondlength and coordination) [26] around the Fe atom, which is verified by the EXAFS spectra. Finally, the position of pre-edge peak is independent of the ash content.…”