Effect of chain extenders on the thermal and thermodegradation behavior of carbonatodiol thermoplastic polyurethane

Ornaghi, Heitor Luiz; Nohales, Andrés; Asensio, M. C.; Gómez, Clara M.; Bianchi, Otávio

doi:10.1007/s00289-023-04812-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The polyol forms the soft and flexible segments and provides an elastomeric matrix responsible for most of the elastic properties of EPU. The diisocyanate, polyol, and diol are used at different molar ratios, and the reaction mixture will define the soft and hard segments, the type of PU, its properties, and its applications [ 49 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Bio-based Polyurethane Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Burelo,

Martínez,

Hernández-Varela

et al. 2024

Molecules

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In 2021, global plastics production was 390.7 Mt; in 2022, it was 400.3 Mt, showing an increase of 2.4%, and this rising tendency will increase yearly. Of this data, less than 2% correspond to bio-based plastics. Currently, polymers, including elastomers, are non-recyclable and come from non-renewable sources. Additionally, most elastomers are thermosets, making them complex to recycle and reuse. It takes hundreds to thousands of years to decompose or biodegrade, contributing to plastic waste accumulation, nano and microplastic formation, and environmental pollution. Due to this, the synthesis of elastomers from natural and renewable resources has attracted the attention of researchers and industries. In this review paper, new methods and strategies are proposed for the preparation of bio-based elastomers. The main goals are the advances and improvements in the synthesis, properties, and applications of bio-based elastomers from natural and industrial rubbers, polyurethanes, polyesters, and polyethers, and an approach to their circular economy and sustainability. Olefin metathesis is proposed as a novel and sustainable method for the synthesis of bio-based elastomers, which allows for the depolymerization or degradation of rubbers with the use of essential oils, terpenes, fatty acids, and fatty alcohols from natural resources such as chain transfer agents (CTA) or donors of the terminal groups in the main chain, which allow for control of the molecular weights and functional groups, obtaining new compounds, oligomers, and bio-based elastomers with an added value for the application of new polymers and materials. This tendency contributes to the development of bio-based elastomers that can reduce carbon emissions, avoid cross-contamination from fossil fuels, and obtain a greener material with biodegradable and/or compostable behavior.

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Section: Bio-based Polyurethane Elastomersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Burelo,

Martínez,

Hernández-Varela

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…The soft phase plays a key role in the elastomeric properties of TPUs. This phase influences final properties such as thermal stability [6][7][8], biodegradation [9], hydrolysis resistance [10] and mechanical properties. For instance, the amount of hydrogen bonds in the soft phase directly affects the elastic modulus of TPUs [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean-Based Polyol as a Substitute of Fossil-Based Polyol on the Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes: The Effect of Its Content on Morphological and Physicochemical Properties

Ernzen,

Covas,

Marcos-Fernández

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are remarkably versatile polymers due to the wide range of raw materials available for their synthesis, resulting in physicochemical characteristics that can be tailored according to the specific requirements of their final applications. In this study, a renewable bio-based polyol obtained from soybean oil is used for the synthesis of TPU via reactive extrusion, and the influence of the bio-based polyol on the multi-phase structure and properties of the TPU is studied. As raw materials, 4,4′-diphenylmethane (MDI), 1,4-butanediol, a fossil-based polyester polyol, and a bio-based polyol are used. The fossil-based to soybean-based polyol ratios studied are 100/0, 99/1, 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, and 50/50% by weight, respectively. The TPUs were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), gel content analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angle measurements. The results reveal that incorporating the renewable polyol enhances the compatibility between the rigid and flexible segments of the TPU. However, due to its high functionality, the addition of soybean-based polyol can promote cross-linking. This phenomenon reduces the density of hydrogen bonds within the material, also reducing polarity and restricting macromolecular mobility, as corroborated by higher glass transition temperature (Tg) values. Remarkably, the addition of small amounts of the bio-based polyol (up to 5 wt.% of the total polyol content) results in high-molecular-weight TPUs with lower polarity, combined with suitable processability and mechanical properties, thus broadening the range of applications and improving their sustainability.

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Predicting viscosity in polyurethane polymerization for liquid composite molding using neural networks and surface methodology

Cruz,

Ornaghi,

Amico

et al. 2023

Polym. Bull.

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Effect of chain extenders on the thermal and thermodegradation behavior of carbonatodiol thermoplastic polyurethane

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

Soybean-Based Polyol as a Substitute of Fossil-Based Polyol on the Synthesis of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes: The Effect of Its Content on Morphological and Physicochemical Properties

Predicting viscosity in polyurethane polymerization for liquid composite molding using neural networks and surface methodology

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