Effect of Certain Laboratory Procedures on Virulence of the Jones' Barn Strain of Trichomonas gallinae for Pigeons

Stabler, Robert M.; Honigberg, B. M.; King, V M

doi:10.2307/3276023

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this context it was noticed that clonal cultures of trichomonads grown in Medium 199 develop high populations in the presence of bacteria . Virulence of T. gallinae was also reported to be influenced by the incubation temperature and the cultivation method (Stabler et al 1964). Using different media a standard procedure for axenization of T. gallinarum and T. gallinae was established recently (Amin et al 2010).…”

Section: Cultivation Of Trichomonadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context it needs to be considered that trichomonads are amitochondrial anaerobic protozoa, which gain the required energy by utilizing exogenous and endogenous carbohydrates under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Donald and Miklos, 1973). However, adding of antibiotics to the culture medium might lead to in vitro attenuation which was speculated as a consequence of direct interaction of the protozoal nucleic acid with antibiotics (Kirk, 1962;Stabler et al 1964). Interestingly, the growth of these trichomonads under anaerobic and aerobic conditions was very similar and the addition of antibiotics to the axenic cultures of T. gallinarum and T. gallinae had no adverse effect on the growth.…”

Section: Cultivation Of Trichomonadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Trichomonads in birds – a review

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Members of the family Trichomonadidae, mainly Trichomonas gallinae and Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, represent important parasites in birds with worldwide presence, since being reported in the 19th century. Especially Columbiformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes can be severely affected by trichomonads, whereas the majority of infections in Galliformes and Anatiformes are subclinical although severe infections are occasionally reported. With the recent appearance of deadly infections in wild Passeriformes the protozoan parasite T. gallinae obtained greater attention which will be addressed in this review. Although light microscopy remains the method of choice to confirm the presence of trichomonads molecular studies were introduced in recent years, in order to characterize the parasites and to establish relationships between isolates. Isolation of trichomonads is a prerequisite for detailed in vitro and in vivo studies and different media are reported to obtain suitable material. The limited information about virulence factors will be reviewed in context with the pathogenicity of trichomonads which varies greatly, indicating certain strain heterogeneity of the parasites. Options for treatment characterized by the leading role of imidazoles whose activity is sometimes hampered by resistant parasites remains a challenge for the future. Introducing more standardized genetic studies and investigations concentrating on the host-pathogen interaction should be helpful to elucidate virulence factors which might lead to new concepts of treatment.

show abstract

Section: Cultivation Of Trichomonadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cultivation Of Trichomonadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichomonads in birds – a review

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…gal. was enhanced by the presence of antibiotics, especially streptomycin, but impeded if the parasites were caused to divide less frequently during a given period of time, and completely prevented if the trichomonads were maintained in tissue cultures (8,24). The Antibiotics were supposed to act directly on the high molecular RNA of the trichomonad cells (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS DONNÉ BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFER FROM VAGINAL SECRETION TO DIAMONDS MEDIUM

Nielsen

1975

Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section B Microbio

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cells of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vag.) obtained from five patients with severe trichomoniasis were fixed for electron microscopy directly in the vaginal fluid. Samples of the same material from three of the patients was inoculated into Diamonds medium and propagated for 3–6 weeks. During the first 3–4 weeks in vitro the fine structure of all cells was changed. The shape of the nucleus, the size of the Golgi apparatus and adjacent vesicles, the fine structure of the chromatic granules, and the mastigont were all changed when compared to the organelles of the originally isolated cells. In addition the “ectoplasm” had disappeared, the glycogen granules had become sparse, and the number of free cytoplasmic ribosomes had increased. On the other hand, the large food vacuoles and the cell membranes generally were unchanged. Mycoplasms were observed in the original isolate and were also seen after more than 6 weeks of propagation, both as free organisms in the culture medium and within the large food vacuoles of “in vitro” cultured cells.

show abstract

“…The T. gallinae isolate, TG7, from the upper digestive tract of domestic pigeons, C. livia , was used in this study. Trichomonads were axenically cultured in vitro in trypticase‐yeast extract‐maltose medium (Diamond, 1957) without agar (pH 7.2) supplemented with 10% (v/v) inactivated bovine serum, without antibiotics (Stabler et al , 1964; Tasca & De Carli, 1999), at 37 °C. Trichomonads from the logarithmic phase of growth were collected by centrifugation at 750 g for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study describes the properties of an NTPDase activity in intact trophozoites of T. gallinae , the etiologic agent of trichomonosis in birds. Moreover, Stabler et al (1964) showed that common laboratory procedures, such as the addition of antibiotics in cultures used to avoid contamination, could negatively influence the biological features of the isolate, such as pathogenicity levels. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of penicillin and streptomycin sulfate would exert some effect on extracellular ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis from T. gallinae trophozoites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity in Trichomonas gallinae and the influence of penicillin and streptomycin in extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis

Borges

Vieira

Wiltuschnig

et al. 2008

FEMS Microbiology Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here we described an nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) activity in living trophozoites of Trichomonas gallinae. The enzyme hydrolyzes a variety of purine and pyrimidine nucleoside di- and triphosphates in an optimum pH range of 6.0-8.0. This enzyme activity was activated by high concentrations of divalent cations, such as calcium and magnesium. Contaminant activities were ruled out because the enzyme was not inhibited by classical inhibitors of ATPases (ouabain, 5.0 mM sodium azide, oligomycin) and alkaline phosphatases (levamisole). A significant inhibition of ATP hydrolysis (38%) was observed in the presence of 20 mM sodium azide. Sodium orthovanadate inhibited ATP and ADP hydrolysis (24% and 78%), respectively. The apparent K(M) (Michaelis constant) values were 667.62+/-13 microM for ATP and 125+/-5.3 microM for ADP. V(max) (maximum velocity) values were 0.44+/-0.007 nmol Pi min(-1) per 10(6) trichomonads and 0.91+/-0.12 nmol Pi min(-1) per 10(6) trichomonads for ATP and ADP, respectively. Moreover, we showed a marked decrease in ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis when the parasites were grown in the presence of penicillin and streptomycin. The existence of an NTPDase activity in T. gallinae may be involved in pathogenicity, protecting the parasite from the cytolytic effects of the extracellular nucleotides.

show abstract

Effect of Certain Laboratory Procedures on Virulence of the Jones' Barn Strain of Trichomonas gallinae for Pigeons

Cited by 31 publications

References 14 publications

Trichomonads in birds – a review

Trichomonads in birds – a review

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS DONNÉ BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFER FROM VAGINAL SECRETION TO DIAMONDS MEDIUM

Characterization of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity in Trichomonas gallinae and the influence of penicillin and streptomycin in extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About