Effect of cerium on the structure and properties of castings of steel R6M5

Microstructural and properties evaluation of M2 high speed steel after inoculating addition of powder W and WC

“…In the case of cast high speed steels (HSSs), the structure refinement, and resulting toughness improvement, can be achieved using a small addition of different elements into the melt, which can act as inoculants or as surface active agents, for example, Ti [1][2][3][4][5][6] , Nb, [2][3][4]6 Zr, 2,6 Ca, 6,7 rear earth metals, 1,6,[8][9][10][11][12] Mg 6,9 and others. [13][14][15][16] Taking into account such criteria as melting temperature, surface energy, specific heat of sublimation, entropy in the standard condition, statistic generalised moment, and the total electron potential barrier of iron and other elements, it has been shown that Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta can be theoretically considered as effective inoculants.…”