Effect of ceria nanoparticles on soot inception and growth in toluene–oxygen–argon mixtures

Rotavera, Brandon; Kumar, Amit; Seal, Sudipta; Petersen, Eric L.

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2008.07.024

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The results showed a significant reduction in the ignition temperature of JP-10. Rotavera et al [8] found that the addition of CeO 2 nanoparticles in toluene significantly reduced soot deposition on the shock tube walls under high-fuelconcentration conditions. Sabourin et al [9,10] investigated the burning characteristics of monopropellants consisting of liquid nitromethane and nanoparticles of silicon-and aluminum-based oxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Addition of Energetic Nanoparticles on Droplet-Burning Rate of Liquid Fuels

Tanvir

Qiao

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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A droplet stream combustion experiment was developed to understand the effect of reducing droplet size to a micrometer scale on the combustion characteristics of nanofluid fuels, which are liquid fuels with a stable suspension of nanoparticles. Pure ethanol and ethanol with aluminum nanoparticles at varying concentrations (up to 5 wt%) and droplet sizes were studied. The effect of particle addition on the droplet-burning rate was determined, and the mechanisms that are responsible for that effect were identified. The results show that the droplet-burning rate increases with increasing particle concentration. For example, with a 5 wt% addition of 80 nm aluminum nanoparticles, the burning rate increased by 140%. The burning rate enhancement is mainly attributed to strong radiation absorption of the nanoparticles suspended within the droplets, which provides more energy from the exothermic reaction (the flame) to the liquid phase (the droplets) for vaporization, thus increasing the burning rate. The radiation absorption effect becomes increasingly important as the droplet size increases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Addition of Energetic Nanoparticles on Droplet-Burning Rate of Liquid Fuels

Tanvir

Qiao

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…Because of these advantages, shock tubes have been extensively used to study the reaction chemistry preceding the inception of soot (Kern and Xie 1991), the formation of soot upon combustion of saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic hydrocarbons (Frenklach et al 1983;Kellerer et al 1996;Agafonov et al 2011), and also the effects of various additives, such as oxygenated organics or ceria oxide nanoparticles on the soot yield (Alexiou and Williams 1996;Hong et al 2009;Rotavera et al 2009). Although the laser light extinction and scattering diagnostics can be used to quantify the minute and time-dependent details of the soot generation process, such as the growth of primary soot spherules (Kellerer et al 1996), it is often not possible to observe late processes, such as coagulation and condensation, which may significantly change the chemical composition, mixing state, and morphology of particles when soot in the test section of the shock tube is cooled by the driver gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Soot Aerosol Produced from Combustion of Propane in a Shock Tube

Khalizov¹,

Hogan²,

Qiu³

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The knowledge of yields and properties of soot from combustion of hydrocarbon fuels is crucial for accurate evaluation of the impacts of primary aerosols on air quality and climate. This study presents measurements of soot generated from combustion of propane in a shock tube, using independently adjustable fuel equivalence ratio (φ), temperature, and pressure. The characterization of soot yields inside the shock tube by in situ laser extinction is complemented with a set of comprehensive measurements of soot transferred into a fluoropolymer chamber, including particle size distributions, elemental carbon (EC) mass fraction, effective density, mass fractal dimension (Dfm), dynamic shape factor (χ ), and optical properties. The properties of soot particles and the soot yield are sensitive to combustion conditions and the duration of the combustion experiment. High-temperature combustion with φ = 2.5 produces small fractal (Dfm = 2) soot particles composed mainly of EC (up to 90%), at a low mass yield. Particles from lower temperature combustion contain a significant fraction of organic material (∼50%). Using rich fuel mixtures (φ = 4.0 and 8.0) significantly increases particle size and soot mass yield. At lower temperatures, compact (Dfm = 3) and nearly spherical (χ = 1.1) aggregates with high organic content are formed, whereas at higher temperatures, the particles are fractal and closely resemble those obtained using φ = 2.5. Single scattering albedo (SSA) varies from 0.15 for fractal particles to 0.75 for compact particles. For soot generated at high equivalence ratios, SSA can be used as a proxy for particle morphology and EC content.

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“…One example is a study of the impact of a 30 GPa shockwave front on the structure of carbon nanotubes,12a which led to the collapse of the nanotubes and their partial conversion into nano‐diamond nuclei. In another study, ceria nanoparticles were found to have a negligible effect on soot formation in a shock tube filled with toluene during the combustion process 12b. Motivated by the knowledge that aluminum nanoparticles added to propellants and explosives promote exothermicity, their reactions in different gas atmospheres (in particular a N 2 /O 2 mixture) were studied using a shockwave tube 12c,12d.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐step Synthesis of MoS₂ Nanotubes using Shock Waves with Lead as Growth Promoter

Brontvein

Vishakantaiah

Reddy

et al. 2013

Zeitschrift anorg allge chemie

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A new two‐step procedure for the synthesis of MoS2 nanotubes using lead as a growth promoter is reported. In the first step, molybdenum suboxide nanowhiskers containing a small amount of lead atoms were created by exposing a pressed MoS2+Pb mixture to highly compressed shock‐heated argon gas, with estimated temperatures exceeding 9900 K. In the second step, these molybdenum suboxide nanowhiskers served as templates for the sulfidization of the oxide into MoS2 nanotubes (by using H2S gas in a reducing atmosphere at 820 °C). Unlike the case of WS2 nanotubes, the synthesis of a pure phase of MoS2 nanotubes from molybdenum oxide has proven challenging, due mostly to the volatile nature of the latter at the high requisite reaction temperatures (>800 °C). In contrast, the nature and apparent reaction mechanism of the method reported herein are amenable to future scale‐up. The high‐temperature shockwave system should also facilitate the synthesis of new nanostructures from other layered materials.

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Effect of ceria nanoparticles on soot inception and growth in toluene–oxygen–argon mixtures

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Addition of Energetic Nanoparticles on Droplet-Burning Rate of Liquid Fuels

Effect of Addition of Energetic Nanoparticles on Droplet-Burning Rate of Liquid Fuels

Characterization of Soot Aerosol Produced from Combustion of Propane in a Shock Tube

Two‐step Synthesis of MoS₂ Nanotubes using Shock Waves with Lead as Growth Promoter

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Effect of ceria nanoparticles on soot inception and growth in toluene–oxygen–argon mixtures

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Addition of Energetic Nanoparticles on Droplet-Burning Rate of Liquid Fuels

Effect of Addition of Energetic Nanoparticles on Droplet-Burning Rate of Liquid Fuels

Characterization of Soot Aerosol Produced from Combustion of Propane in a Shock Tube

Two‐step Synthesis of MoS2 Nanotubes using Shock Waves with Lead as Growth Promoter

Contact Info

Product

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Two‐step Synthesis of MoS₂ Nanotubes using Shock Waves with Lead as Growth Promoter