Effect of cellulosic fiber scale on linear and non-linear mechanical performance of starch-based composites

Karimi, Samaneh; Abdulkhani, Ali; Tahir, Paridah Md.; Dufresne, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.061

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The development of bioplastics to replace synthetic plastics has gained prominence in the last 10 years [1,2]. Bioplastics can be made from starch using shear stress and heat treatment at 60-70 • C [3,4] and they can be low cost and environmental friendly [5,6]. However, these plastics have various disadvantages including lower mechanical strength, water resistance, and thermal properties than synthetic plastics [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural fibers commonly used are microfibers, with a diameter in micron meter area (1-1000 µm), or nanofibers with a diameter of 1-100 nanometers [9,10]. Microfibers sourced from kenaf [4], water hyacinth [5,11], ramie [12,13], empty palm oil bunches (TKKS) [6], and microalgae [14] and chitin [15] have been used in previous studies. However, these microfibers usually form agglomerations and porosities when dispersed in a starch matrix and resulting in low mechanical properties [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing

Asrofi

Abral

Kasim

et al. 2018

Fibers

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Thermoplastic starch (TPS) reinforced by 1 wt % nanofiber cellulose (NFC) reinforcing from water hyacinth was produced. Ultrasonic vibration time (UVT) was applied to bionanocomposites during gelation for 0, 15, 30 and 60 min. Morphology of the NFC was investigated using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and tensile tests were performed to identify the fracture surface and determine the mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites, respectively. The Crystallinity index (CI) of untreated and treated bionanocomposites was measured using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The average diameter of NFC water hyacinth was 10-20 nm. The maximum tensile strength (TS) and modulus elasticity (ME) of the bionanocomposite was 11.4 MPa and 443 MPa respectively, after 60 min UVT. This result was supported by SEM which indicated good dispersion and compact structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth Nanofiber Cellulose Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch Bionanocomposite: Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration during Processing

Asrofi

Abral

Kasim

et al. 2018

Fibers

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“…The loss factor (Tan δ) curve in Figure B has two peaks at different temperature ranges, indicating that the material is heterogeneous, having a glycerol‐rich domain with a thermal transition at lower temperatures (around −60 °C) and a starch‐rich domain at higher temperatures . The glycerol‐rich phase peak is around the same temperature for all MFT/starch composites, but there is a decrease in the magnitude of the peak as the MFT content increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The storage modulus of plasticized starch (PS) and MFT/starch composites, shown in Figure A, decrease noticeably with increasing temperature. This decrease has been identified as the glass transition in various studies, and is caused by energy dissipation achieved by the movement of large amorphous segments and rotation about single bonds in the polymer chains …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glycerol‐rich phase peak is around the same temperature for all MFT/starch composites, but there is a decrease in the magnitude of the peak as the MFT content increases. This decrease is associated with the molecular motion in the system, behaving inversely to the storage modulus due to the decreased molecular motion. On the other hand, for 5 and 20 % MFT content there is shifting and broadening of the peaks in addition to the decrease in magnitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Starch‐based composites using mature fine tailings as fillers

Moran

Soares

2017

Can J Chem Eng

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Mature fine tailings (MFT) are one of the major environmental problems associated with the oil sands industry in Canada. To help mitigate the negative impact tailings have on the environment, we prepared MFT/starch composites and studied their morphology, water resistance, and mechanical properties as a function of filler percentage. The motivation behind this approach is to turn waste tailings into a source of potentially useful materials. We compared the MFT/starch composites to similar composites made with montmorillonite (MMT), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and Dean Stark solids (DS). The water resistance of MFT/starch and DS/starch composites improved 6 % at the highest filler content. MFT/starch and DS/starch composites had similar mechanical properties, but performed better than plasticized starch, with an increasing tensile modulus with increasing filler content. Despite the higher modulus increase in intercalated MMT/starch and CNC/starch composites (up to 5 % filler), the MFT/starch composites with filler contents higher than 10 % achieved the same tensile modulus values; since our objective was to transform as much MFT as possible into useable materials, this can be seen as a positive feature of these composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis of the composites showed they were heterogeneous and identified a plasticizer‐rich phase and a starch‐rich phase.

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