Effect of catecholamine stress hormones (dopamine and norepinephrine) on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and virulence factors of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and an in vivo evaluation in rainbow trout

Abstract

In this study, we evaluated the impact of the catecholamines on growth, swimming motility, biofilm formation and some virulence factors activities of pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri. Norepinephrine and dopamine (at 100 µM) significantly increased the growth of Y. ruckeri in culture media containing serum. An increase in swimming motility of the pathogen was found following the exposure to the hormones; however, no effect was seen on caseinase, phospholipase and haemolysin productions. Further, antagonists for the catecholamine receptors were observed to block some of the influences of the catecholamines. Indeed, the effects of catecholamines were inhibited by chlorpromazine (the dopaminergic receptor antagonist) for dopamine, labetalol (α‐and β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) and phenoxybenzamine (the α‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) for norepinephrine, but propranolol (the β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist) showed no effect. Pretreatment of Y. ruckeri with the catecholamines resulted in a significant enhancement of its virulence towards rainbow trout and the antagonists could neutralize the effect of the stress hormones in vivo. In summary, our results show that the catecholamines increase the virulence of Y. ruckeri which is pathogenic to trout through increasing the motility, biofilm formation and growth.

Epinephrine affects motility, and increases adhesion, biofilm and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103

“…As motility was found to be modified in a large amount of Gram-negative bacteria after exposure to NE or Epi 13,16–19 , we decided to study this effect on P. aeruginosa H103 (Fig. 1).…”

“…Bacteria can be exposed to a multitude of host cell molecules such as catecholamines 7 that could enhance the growth of many gram-negative bacteria 8,9,12,17,18,23–26 as well as their virulence 19,27 . Till now, only few studies were conducted on the effect of these molecules on P. aeruginosa , which is an opportunistic pathogen, often found in hospital-acquired infections.…”

Surface Properties of Parabacteroides distasonis and Impacts of Stress-Induced Molecules on Its Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation Capacities

“…During a host stress situation, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine), glucocorticoids (cortisol) and other stress-induced molecules (such as serotonin) are synthetized and released into blood circulation, oral cavity and gut lumen. It has been reported that these molecules can impact both in vitro and in situ the physiological behavior of bacteria, including their growth features, adhesion and/or biofilm formation capacities [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. With the general objective to better understand the maintenance of this beneficial bacterial species within the GM, we characterized in this work the homo-aggregation, adhesion and biofilm formation capacities of 14 unrelated strains of P. distasonis and examine their response to stress molecules.…”

The inverse autotransporters of Yersinia ruckeri, YrInv and YrIlm, contribute to biofilm formation and virulence

“…The molecular basis of how Y. ruckeri produces biofilms has not been investigated in detail. Biofilm formation in Y. ruckeri seems to be regulated through quorum‐sensing homoserine lactones (Torabi Delshad et al ., 2019) and by catecholamines (Torabi Delshad et al ., 2019).…”