Effect of castration on pelvic neurons in the male pig

Kaleczyc, Jerzy; Kasica-Jarosz, Natalia; Pidsudko, Zenon; Dudek, A.; Klimczuk, Magdalena; Sienkiewicz, Waldemar

doi:10.1007/s00418-019-01837-w

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Pomimo dobrze poznanego schematu unerwienia tego gruczołu u różnych gatunków w okresie niedojrzałości płciowej lub po jej osiągnięciu, nadal jest brak informacji na temat zmian w jego unerwieniu w różnych fazach cyklu, ciąży i laktacji. Jak wiadomo, hormony mają modulujący wpływ na unerwienie narządów układu rozrodczego (34,35,53) oraz na immunohistochemiczne kodowanie włókien np. ciężarnej macicy (53).…”

Section: źRódła Zaopatrzenia Nerwowego Gruczołu Sutkowegounclassified

The nerve supply of the mammary gland

Franke-Radowiecka¹

2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Proper development and functioning of the mammary gland depends not only on hormones, but also on the nervous system. The aim of this paper was to summarize the existing knowledge on the innervation of the mammary gland in various mammalian species, including domestic animals. In general, the pattern of innervation of this gland is similar in all studied species, i.e. large farm animals, rodents, dogs and beavers, as well as humans. Using the pan-neuronal marker of neural structures PGP-9.5, it was found that the mammary gland is well supplied with nerve fibres. Very rich innervation was discovered in the nipple, and less numerous nerve endings were found in the parenchyma. Nerve fibres supply the skin, especially the nipple, and many nerve terminals are associated with blood vessels and smooth muscles throughout the organ. Immunohistochemical investigations have made it possible to distinguish two major subpopulations of nerve fibres supplying the mammary gland. One of them consists of putative sensory fibres expressing CGRP, SP, GAL and/or PACAP, and the other is presumably composed of adrenergic axons containing TH, DBH, SOM and/or VIP. Studies on the sources of innervation of the mammary gland have confirmed assumptions about the nature of the nerve fibres and have revealed that they derive from the spinal ganglia (DRG) and sympathetic trunk ganglia (SChG). In the rat, mammary gland-projecting (MGP) neurons were also found in the nodose ganglion. So far, the rat and the pig have been tested most comprehensively for the sources of the mammary gland innervation. The MGP sensory neurons were observed ipsilaterally in several consecutive DRG, suggesting that the same neurons supply several successive glands. In the case of the SChG, it was found that MGP neurons are located, among others, in the L1-L4 ganglia, which constitute a specific „mammary gland nerve centre”. Previous studies on the sources of nerve supply to female reproductive organs have revealed that the SChG L1-L4 ganglia also contain nerve cells that project to the ovary, fallopian tube and uterus. Some clinical implications of the mammary gland innervation are also discussed.

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Section: źRódła Zaopatrzenia Nerwowego Gruczołu Sutkowegounclassified

The nerve supply of the mammary gland

Franke-Radowiecka¹

2021

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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“…As stated earlier, information concerning gonadal steroid actions on peripheral neurons derives almost entirely from previous investigations performed in the male rat major pelvic ganglion (MPG) and, to a lesser extent, the hypogastric ganglion (HG) [ 8 ], and recent studies carried out on the male pig APG and intramural ganglia of the UBT [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Some General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the male rat, in the male pig, castration at age 1 week results in the excessive loss of APG and UB intramural neurons in at least the trigone area [ 11 , 12 ]. The experiment involved 25 male pigs.…”

Section: Effect Of Testosterone Deprivation (Castration) On the Number Of Peripheral Neurons Supplying Male Urogenital Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a few contributions in the field have been published [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], which provide some new and interesting findings. First, these studies were performed in male pigs; second, they considered elements of both above-mentioned approaches combining the surgical removal of testes (castration) with immunohistochemical and/or quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) investigations of AR expression in neurons of the anterior pelvic ganglion (APG) and intramural ganglia of the urinary bladder (UB) trigone (UBT); third, the comparison of the corresponding findings obtained in male rats and pigs reveals substantial differences, which may be of great importance for planning further investigations aimed at obtaining results important for human and veterinary medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Castration on Peripheral Autonomic Neurons Supplying Mammalian Male Genitourinary System

Kaleczyc

Lepiarczyk

2021

IJMS

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This review paper deals with the influence of androgens (testosterone) on pelvic autonomic pathways in male mammals. The vast majority of the relevant information has been gained in experiments involving castration (testosterone deprivation) performed in male rats, and recently, in male pigs. In both species, testosterone significantly affects the biology of the pathway components, including the pelvic neurons. However, there are great differences between rats and pigs in this respect. The most significant alteration is that testosterone deprivation accomplished a few days after birth results some months later in the excessive loss (approximately 90%) of pelvic and urinary bladder trigone intramural neurons in the male pig, while no changes in the number of pelvic neurons are observed in male rats (rats do not have the intramural ganglia). In the castrated pigs, much greater numbers of pelvic neurons than in the non-castrated animals express CGRP, GAL, VIP (peptides known to have neuroprotective properties), and caspase 3, suggesting that neurons die due to apoptosis triggered by androgen deprivation. In contrast, only some morpho-electrophysiological changes affecting neurons following castration are found in male rats. Certain clinicopathological consequences of testosterone deprivation for the functioning of urogenital organs are also discussed.

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“…1 Double confocal immunofluorescence for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (green) and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (red) in the anterior pelvic ganglion of a 1-week-old male pig (a) and 6 months after castration (b). From Kaleczyc et al (2020) hormone disorders may result in dysfunction of the lower urinary tract.…”

Section: Castration Incites Apoptosis Of Pelvic Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%