Effect of Castration and Sex Hormones on Blood of the Rat

Steinglass, P; Gordon, Albert S.; Charipper, Harry A.

doi:10.3181/00379727-48-13259

Cited by 61 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Thus, estrogens induce anemia in normal and castrated animals (9,15,(28)(29)(30) and intensify the post-hypophysectomy anemia in rats (9). Along the same lines, administration of gonadotrophin (PMS) induces anemia TABLE 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanism of Estrogen Action in Erythropoiesis

Mirand

Gordon

1966

Endocrinology

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Whereas plasma from mice, rats and tamarins subjected to hypoxia significantly augmented erythropoiesis Fe incorporation values) in transfusioninduced plethoric mice, plasma from animals injected with estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (ECP) before exposure to hypoxia lacked this capacity. The ability of ECP to counteract the erythropoiesis-stimulating action of hypoxia was not due to the presence of residual biologically active estrogen in the plasma. That it was also not attributable to other blood-borne erythropoiesis-inhibiting agents evoked by the estrogen was evident because plasma from ECP-treated mice failed to 1) depress erythropoiesis in normal mice, 2) prevent the production of the erythropoiesisstimulating factor (ESF) in plethoric mice exposed to hypoxia, and 3) antagonize the erythropoietic action of exogenous ESF. The conclusion drawn is that estrogen inhibits the production of the ESF. It was further shown that, whereas the stimulatory action of androgen (testosterone cyclopentylpropionate) on erythropoiesis required the presence of the kidneys, the erythropoiesis-inhibiting effects of estrogen were evident in nephrectomized as well as in intact mice. It is suggested that estrogens inhibit erythropoiesis by suppressing the production of an extrarenal precursor of ESF which requires activation by a kidney mechanism for elaboration of the functional circulating ESF. (Endocrinology 78: 325, 1966)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanism of Estrogen Action in Erythropoiesis

Mirand

Gordon

1966

Endocrinology

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“…The effects of androgens on erythropoiesis have been well understood since 1940s [1,2] and androgens were the main pharmacologic agents used for erythropoietic stimulation before the availability of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors [3]. On the other hand, estrogens action on erythropoiesis has not received the same attention, leaving a lack of knowledge about the respective role of each sex steroid on the erythropoietic parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Testosterone action on erythropoiesis does not require its aromatization to estrogen: Insights from the testosterone and estrogen treatment of two aromatase-deficient men

Rochira

Zirilli

Madeo

et al. 2009

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…These findings were supported by a trial that showed that anemia seen in orchidectomized rats could be reversed by testosterone administration [68]. More recent trials showing that testosterone deficiency causes anemia in man have also reported [69,70].…”

Section: Testosterone Effects On Erythropoiesismentioning

confidence: 82%

Male hormonal contraception: a safe option?

Walton

Anderson

2006

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Hormonal male contraception is based on the administration of testosterone alone or more likely with a progestogen. Testosterone has been used for several decades for the treatment of male hypogonadism, with an excellent safety record. Use as part of a contraceptive regimen by healthy people for prolonged periods will necessitate careful re-examination of safety issues. Although potential male contraceptive regimens have been investigated for many years, there have been mostly small-scale studies unable to assess safety. This is now changing, with larger studies of regimens underway. This, and the increasing involvement of the pharmaceutical industry, means that much more data will shortly be forthcoming and it is hoped that this will also provide valuable information relevant to normal male health. The main areas of interest are the cardiovascular system and the prostate, but bone health and body composition are also important, as are behavioral and psychologic aspects. The development of this field also allows the investigation of potential health benefits, which may be related to the use of synthetic androgens with tissue-selective metabolism or action.The launch of a male hormonal contraceptive onto the market has become increasingly likely in recent years. Large-scale efficacy studies are currently underway in China and commercial studies in Europe are due to report their findings next year. One of the major remaining questions concerning this approach is the safety of administering exogenous hormones to men. Despite 40 years of widespread use, safety issues concerning female hormonal contraceptives continue to evolve and the mass media are quick to foster them. Will men be convinced as to the validity and necessity of a similar approach? In reality, most of the safety issues will have to be addressed by postmarketing surveillance, as much of the research in this field is currently in the form of small-scale studies that are not adequately powered to detect safety concerns. Some of the major issues will be discussed. Testosterone preparations are not new drugs and a considerable amount of data has been acquired in respect of administration as androgen replacement in hypogonadal men. Two of the main safety issues of concern for male hormonal contraceptive development are cardiovascular effects and the effect on the prostate gland. However, there are several other aspects to consider, including maintenance of bone and muscle mass, effects on erythropoiesis and behavioral effects. These data are essentially reassuring. Thus, prostate volume in testosterone-replaced hypogonadal men is similar to that in normal men without any evidence of increased risk of malignancy [1]. Likewise, bone mass approaches normal depending on how carefully replacement has been administered [2]. This is despite the marked limitations of the testosterone preparations available, being confined to short-acting injectable esters for the great majority of men. One area that continues to require monitoring is the stimulatory effect of testo...

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Effect of Castration and Sex Hormones on Blood of the Rat

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanism of Estrogen Action in Erythropoiesis

Mechanism of Estrogen Action in Erythropoiesis

Testosterone action on erythropoiesis does not require its aromatization to estrogen: Insights from the testosterone and estrogen treatment of two aromatase-deficient men

Male hormonal contraception: a safe option?

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