Effect of caste on health, independent of economic disparity: evidence from school children of two rural districts of India

Dutta, Ambarish; Mohapatra, Mrinal Kar; Rath, Mrunalini; Rout, Sarit Kumar; Kadam, Shridhar; Nallalla, Srinivas; Balagopalan, Kavitha; Tiwari, Divya; Yunus, Shariqua; Behera, Binod Kumar; Patro, Binod Kumar; Mangaraj, Manaswini; Sahu, Suchanda; Paithankar, Pradnya

doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13105

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Lower risk of delay in all vaccines was found in higher educated groups in compared to those with no formal education. Mother's education has always been a deciding factor for the child health 29 and immunization 25,[30][31][32][33] as it influences the health seeking behavior of whole family. 34 Males had lower risk of delay in Pentavalent 2 and Pentavalent 3 but had higher risk in Measles vaccine administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines on time: Exploring determinants of delaying child vaccination in states of India

Dhalaria

Soni

Singh

et al. 2022

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Timely vaccination is essential to achieve full potential of the vaccination especially in child population. Despite of success in increasing the coverage in India's universal immunization programme (UIP), timely vaccination remains a challenge. This study aims to understand the key socioeconomic correlates of vaccination delay and guide by charting the future course of action.Subject & methods: This study was a part of the review conducted in four states namely Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Assam and Haryana to understand the equity issues in immunization. It was a cross-sectional study where 293 mothers of children aged 12-35 months were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. Association of delay in immunization and co-variates were examined through multilevel Poisson regression framework. Results: Timely vaccination was poor for most of the antigens except Measles. Only 52.6% of children had BCG on time and very few for Pentavalent doses as per the scheduled time (Penta-1: 3.4%, Penta-2: 1.4% and Penta-3: none). Whereas, measles showed better coverage (75%) for timely vaccination as compared to other basic antigens. About 72.7% received their basic vaccination in first year of life. Religion and mother's education were found to be associated with delay in all vaccination as per the schedule (at Birth, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks and 9-12 month). Conclusion: Timeliness of vaccination definitely requires attention to avoid increased risk of infection among children and avoid epidemics and outbreaks. There is a need to increase attention towards urban areas and improve the timeliness of vaccination and utilise the complete potential of the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines on time: Exploring determinants of delaying child vaccination in states of India

Dhalaria

Soni

Singh

et al. 2022

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“…One potential example is the caste system in India. Despite government-imposed affirmative action programmes, caste disparities in economic and health outcomes still persist (Deshpande, 2000;Dutta et al, 2020). It appears plausible that this ongoing social marginalisation could contribute to epigenetic or microbiome difference.…”

Section: Stability Across Time and Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Where the social meets the biological: new ontologies of biosocial race

Chellappoo

Baedke

2023

Synthese

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In recent years, postgenomic research, and the fields of epigenetics and microbiome science in particular, have described novel ways in which social processes of racialization can become embodied and result in physiological and health-related racial difference. This new conception of biosocial race has important implications for philosophical debates on the ontology of race. We argue that postgenomic research on race exhibits two key biases in the way that racial schemas are deployed. Firstly, although the ‘new biosocial race’ has been characterized as social race entering into biological processes, it is only particular aspects of social race that are taken to cross the biosocial boundary, resulting in a distorted view of the social component of biosocial race. Secondly, racial categories are assumed to be stable across time and space. This assumption is epistemically limiting, as well as indicating a reliance on a fixed racial ontology. However, the causal pathways for the embodiment of social race, and the different possible modes of embodiment, that postgenomic science is uncovering themselves present a challenge for fixed or static racial ontologies. Given these tensions, we argue that the emerging picture of a shifting landscape of entanglement between the social and the biological requires us to increase the complexity of our ontologies of race, or even embrace a deflationary metaphysics of race.

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“…4 -6 Naturally, IDA is widely prevalent in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), given most of its determinants are associated with poverty. 6 -9 Its significant presence in the South Asia region including India has been reported widely. 6,7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Fortified Mid-Day Meal in Reducing Anemia Among School Children in Dhenkanal, Odisha: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Mohapatra

Pradhan

Tiwari³

et al. 2023

Food Nutr Bull

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Background: Iron-deficiency anemia among school-aged children is widespread in India. The efficacy of micronutrient and iron fortified school-served meals in reducing iron deficiency anemia has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials in other parts of the globe. The current study evaluates its effectiveness in real-world Indian settings. Methods: Mid-day-Meal (MDM) programme provides free lunch to students of grade 1 to 8 in all public-funded Indian schools. An implementation research project fortified MDM of all public schools of 4 out of 8 sub-districts (“blocks”) of Dhenkanal district of Odisha state with fortified rice kernel (FRK). All the schools of the other 4 blocks fortified with micronutrient powders (MNP)—both FRK and MNP containing equal amounts of supplementary iron and other micronutrients. Schools of 4 matched blocks of neighboring nonimplementing Angul district served as control. Cross-sectional representative samples of students were drawn from the 3 arms, before and after intervention (n = 1764 and n = 1640 respectively). Pre-post changes in anemia prevalence and hemoglobin levels were estimated in the sampled children using difference-in-difference analysis after controlling for inter-arm differences in socioeconomic status, and iron and deworming tablet consumptions. Results: Factoring in pre-post changes in control and adjusting for potential confounders, the proportion of children without anemia and mean hemoglobin improved by 1.93 (1.38, 2.24, P < .001) times and 0.24 (−0.03, 0.51, P = .083) g/dL in MNP; and 1.63 (1.18, 2.24, P = .002) times and 0.18 (−0.09, 0.45, P = .198) g/dL in FRK arms. Conclusions: Fortified MDM could effectively improve anemia status among Indian school-aged children under real-world conditions.

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Effect of caste on health, independent of economic disparity: evidence from school children of two rural districts of India

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Vaccines on time: Exploring determinants of delaying child vaccination in states of India

Vaccines on time: Exploring determinants of delaying child vaccination in states of India

Where the social meets the biological: new ontologies of biosocial race

Effectiveness of Fortified Mid-Day Meal in Reducing Anemia Among School Children in Dhenkanal, Odisha: A Quasi-Experimental Study

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