Effect of Casino-Related Sound, Red Light and Pairs on Decision-Making During the Iowa Gambling Task

Brevers, Damien; Noël, Xavier; Bechara, Antoine; Vanavermaete, Nora; Verbanck, Paul; Kornreich, Charles

doi:10.1007/s10899-013-9441-2

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…When the choice is made to engage in addictive behavior, the benefits may be judged to outweigh the costs. Indeed, impairments in cost-benefit decision making are well documented in substance and behavioral addictions (Grant et al, 2000;Bechara et al, 2001;Hanson et al, 2008;Kovács et al, 2017). Here, we consider whether cues influence cost-benefit decision making, thereby providing a candidate mechanism that enables transition from cue-elicited motivational states to the maladaptive actions that support addiction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore examined the effects of casino-inspired sensory reward cues on decision making in human participants using two laboratory tasks. We chose the IGT (Bechara et al, 1994) as most analogous to the rodent task and given the considerable evidence of impairments on this task in substance use and gambling disorders (Grant et al, 2000;Bechara et al, 2001;Hanson et al, 2008;Kovács et al, 2017). We also used a two-choice lottery task, to which we refer as the Vancouver Gambling Task (VGT) (Sharp et al, 2012(Sharp et al, , 2013, to enable a behavioral economic analysis of risk preferences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Win-Concurrent Sensory Cues Can Promote Riskier Choice

Cherkasova¹,

Clark²,

Barton

et al. 2018

J. Neurosci.

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Reward-related stimuli can potently influence behavior; for example, exposure to drug-paired cues can trigger drug use and relapse in people with addictions. Psychological mechanisms that generate such outcomes likely include cue-induced cravings and attentional biases. Recent animal data suggest another candidate mechanism: reward-paired cues can enhance risky decision making, yet whether this translates to humans is unknown. Here, we examined whether sensory reward-paired cues alter decision making under uncertainty and risk, as measured respectively by the Iowa Gambling Task and a two-choice lottery task. In the cued versions of both tasks, gain feedback was augmented with reward-concurrent audiovisual stimuli. Healthy human volunteers (53 males, 78 females) performed each task once, one with and the other without cues (cued Iowa Gambling Task/uncued Vancouver Gambling Task: n ϭ 63; uncued Iowa Gambling Task/cued Vancouver Gambling Task: n ϭ 68), with concurrent eye-tracking. Reward-paired cues did not affect choice on the Iowa Gambling Task. On the two-choice lottery task, the cued group displayed riskier choice and reduced sensitivity to probability information. The cued condition was associated with reduced eye fixations on probability information shown on the screen and greater pupil dilation related to decision and reward anticipation. This pupil effect was unrelated to the risk-promoting effects of cues: the degree of pupil dilation for risky versus risk-averse choices did not differ as a function of cues. Together, our data show that sensory reward cues can promote riskier decisions and have additional and distinct effects on arousal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Win-Concurrent Sensory Cues Can Promote Riskier Choice

Cherkasova¹,

Clark²,

Barton

et al. 2018

J. Neurosci.

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“…In light of the previously reported abolition of post-error slowing in the presence of casino lighting and sound (Brevers et al, 2015), we tested the effect of sensory cues on reaction times following losses versus wins. This was achieved by modelling response time as a function of prior outcome (fixed effect) in interaction with sensory cues (fixed effect); task order was included as an additional fixed factor and random intercepts were modelled for participants.…”

Section: Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In simulated gambling paradigms, gambling-related sensory cues have been found to increase play enjoyment and arousal, as well as to distort estimates of earned profits (Dixon et al, 2010;Dixon et al, 2014;Dixon et al, 2015); however, no effects on choice per se have been reported. One study directly examining the effects of lighting and casino sound on IGT performance found that choices were unaffected by these cues, though their presence did elevate mood and abolish the slowing of response times on trials following losses (Brevers et al, 2015). Other evidence suggests that presentation of aversively conditioned stimuli and past reward primes can modulate risk preferences (Guitart-Masip et al, 2010;Ludvig et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Win-concurrent sensory cues can promote riskier choice

Cherkasova

Clark

Barton

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Reward-related stimuli can potently influence behaviour; for example, exposure to drug-paired cues can trigger drug use and relapse in people with addictions. Psychological mechanisms that generate such outcomes likely include cue-induced cravings and attentional biases. Recent animal data suggest another candidate mechanism: reward-paired cues can enhance risky decision making, yet whether this translates to humans is unknown. Here, we examined whether sensory reward-paired cues alter decision making under uncertainty and risk, as measured respectively by the Iowa Gambling Task and a two-choice lottery task. In the cued version of both tasks, gain feedback was augmented with reward-concurrent audiovisual stimuli. Healthy human volunteers (53 males, 78 females) performed each task once, one with and the other without cues (cued IGT/uncued VGT: n = 63; uncued IGT/cued VGT: n = 68), with concurrent eye-tracking. Reward-paired cues did not affect choice on the Iowa Gambling Task. On the two-choice lottery task, the cued group displayed riskier choice and reduced sensitivity to probability information. The cued condition was associated with reduced eye fixations on probability information shown on the screen and greater pupil dilation related to decision and reward anticipation. This pupil effect was unrelated to the risk-promoting effects of cues: the degree of pupil dilation for risky versus risk-averse choices did not differ as a function of cues. Taken together, our data show that sensory reward cues can promote riskier decisions and have additional and distinct effects on arousal.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT:Animal data suggest that reward-paired cues can promote maladaptive reward-seeking by biasing cost-benefit decision making. Whether this finding translates to humans is unknown. We examined the effects of salient reward-paired audio-visual cues on decision making under risk and uncertainty in human volunteers. Cues had risk-promoting effects on a risky choice task and independently increased task-related arousal as measured by pupil dilation. By demonstrating risk-promoting effects of cues in human participants, our data identify a mechanism whereby cue reactivity could translate into maladaptive behavioural outcomes in people with addictions.

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“…Additional research has found superficial features such as sounds, red lights, and social pairs [33] are associated with problem gambling behaviors, as the B…casino environment may diminish the time used for reflecting and thinking before acting after losses^(p. 1). Another relevant dimension may be conflict or, in other words, the amount of risk in a gamble, where very high or very low probabilities of winning are considered low conflict due to near-certain advance knowledge of the outcome, whereas moderate-likelihood games are considered high conflict [34].…”

Section: Other Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Gambling Games and Gambling Problems: Whole Games Compared with Temporal, Skill Characteristics, and Other Structural Characteristics

Goodie¹

2015

Curr Addict Rep

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Research and commentary have been addressed to distinctions regarding problem gambling on the basis of differences in the types of gambling in which individuals engage, such as symptom severity, co-occurring conditions, psychological correlates, and demographic differences. Some progress has been made at the level of the whole game. For example, electronic gaming machine users are more often female and more prone to depressive disorders as well as gambling disorder. Players of other games, such as poker and sports betting, are typically male and prone to substance use disorders. A promising recent trend, however, is to create taxonomies to analyze relevant structural game characteristics that predict gambling problems in a theoretically grounded way. Temporal characteristics such as speed and duration of games have received the most attention, but other relevant characteristics include a skill element, online (Internet) format, and various superficial characteristics. These efforts remain at an early stage, and further development is needed.

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Effect of Casino-Related Sound, Red Light and Pairs on Decision-Making During the Iowa Gambling Task

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Win-Concurrent Sensory Cues Can Promote Riskier Choice

Win-Concurrent Sensory Cues Can Promote Riskier Choice

Win-concurrent sensory cues can promote riskier choice

Associations Between Gambling Games and Gambling Problems: Whole Games Compared with Temporal, Skill Characteristics, and Other Structural Characteristics

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