Effect of carbon source on the replication and transmission of yeast mitochondrial genomes

Goldthwaite, Claire; Dennis, E. S.; Marmur, Julius

doi:10.1007/bf00264830

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Such a hypothesis immediately provides a mechanism to control the quantity of mtDNA present in a yeast cell by simply controlling the limiting quantity of the initiation factors or signals synthesized from nuclear genes, the replication itself going on all the time. This seems in agreement with the accumulation of mtDNA under conditions in which nuclear division is stopped (29)(30)(31)(32).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Replicator regions of the yeast mitochondrial DNA responsible for suppressiveness.

Blanc¹,

Dujon²

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

Replicator regions of the yeast mitochondrial DNA responsible for suppressiveness.

Blanc¹,

Dujon²

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

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“…In this work we have shown that changes in the copy number of the mitochondrial genome in response to glucose repression do not directly affect transcript abundance. These studies have uncovered interesting differences between yeast strains which help to resolve some longstanding discrepancies in the literature (21,24,38). In some strains no change in mitochondrial DNA copy number is observed upon derepression, while in others the copy number increases four-to fivefold.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Glucose repression of yeast mitochondrial transcription: kinetics of derepression and role of nuclear genes.

Ulery¹,

Jang²,

Jaehning³

1994

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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Yeast mitochondrial transcript and gene product abundance has been observed to increase upon release from glucose repression, but the mechanism of regulation of this process has not been determined. We report a kinetic analysis of this phenomenon, which demonstrates that the abundance of all classes of mitochondrial RNA changes slowly relative to changes observed for glucose-repressed nuclear genes. Several cell doublings are required to achieve the 2-to 20-fold-higher steady-state levels observed after a shift to a nonrepressing carbon source. Although we observed that in some yeast strains the mitochondrial DNA copy number also increases upon derepression, this does not seem to play the major role in increased RNA abundance. Instead we found that three-to sevenfold increases in RNA synthesis rates, measured by in vivo pulse-labelling experiments, do correlate with increased transcript abundance. We found that mutations in the SNF1 and REG] genes, which are known to affect the expression of many nuclear genes subject to glucose repression, affect derepression of mitochondrial transcript abundance. These genes do not appear to regulate mitochondrial transcript levels via regulation of the nuclear genes RP041 and MTF1, which encode the subunits of the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. We conclude that a nuclear gene-controlled factor(s) in addition to the two RNA polymerase subunits must be involved in glucose repression of mitochondrial transcript abundance.Mitochondria are the site of many complex biochemical processes, including the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and electron transport (reviewed in reference 1). In addition to these processes, the organelles maintain their own genomes and transcribe and synthesize the proteins they encode (reviewed in references 7 and 33). In addition to being dependent on the organelle-encoded gene products, mitochondria are functionally dependent upon many genes encoded in the nuclear genome for all of these processes. Mitochondrial activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is subject to regulation; under repressing conditions, such as anaerobic growth or growth on glucose, mitochondrial activity is minimal. However, under derepressing conditions, such as growth on a nonfermentable carbon source, mitochondrial activity is high and the requirement for mitochondrial enzymes increases (7,26). Since expression of the mitochondrial genes is dependent on nuclear genes, coordinated regulation of expression of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes must be involved in these changes.It is well documented that glucose repression is a major regulatory system in yeast cells and affects a large number of nuclear genes and gene products (reviewed in references 35 and 36). It has also been shown that glucose repression affects the mitochondrion in several ways. The expression of many nucleus-encoded mitochondrial genes is glucose repressed at the levels of transcription and RNA stability (reviewed in references 20, 35, and 36). pressed cells (reviewed in references 7 and 33)...

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“…Two mechanisms were proposed to be involved in general derepression of mitochondrial transcription after diauxic shift: the increase of mtDNA copy number and a fivefold induction of the mitochondrial RNA polymerase encoded by the nuclear gene RPO41 (73,210). Nevertheless, the magnitude of variation of mtDNA copy number, from zero-to threefold between repressing and derepressing conditions, is not enough to account for the full increase in RNAs level (136,201).…”

Section: Transcriptional Regulation Of Mitochondrial Cox Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembly of mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase, a complicated and highly regulated cellular process

Fontanesi

Soto

Horn

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

230

188

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Cytochrome c-oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, plays a key role in the regulation of aerobic production of energy. Biogenesis of eukaryotic COX involves the coordinated action of two genomes. Three mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits form the catalytic core of the enzyme, which contains metal prosthetic groups. Another 10 subunits encoded in the nuclear DNA act as a protective shield surrounding the core. COX biogenesis requires the assistance of >20 additional nuclear-encoded factors acting at all levels of the process. Expression of the mitochondrial-encoded subunits, expression and import of the nuclear-encoded subunits, insertion of the structural subunits into the mitochondrial inner membrane, addition of prosthetic groups, assembly of the holoenzyme, further maturation to form a dimer, and additional assembly into supercomplexes are all tightly regulated processes in a nuclear-mitochondrial-coordinated fashion. Such regulation ensures the building of a highly efficient machine able to catalyze the safe transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and ultimately facilitate the aerobic production of ATP. In this review, we will focus on describing and analyzing the present knowledge about the different regulatory checkpoints in COX assembly and the dynamic relationships between the different factors involved in the process. We have used information mostly obtained from the suitable yeast model, but also from bacterial and animal systems, by means of large-scale genetic, molecular biology, and physiological approaches and by integrating information concerning individual elements into a cellular system network.

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Effect of carbon source on the replication and transmission of yeast mitochondrial genomes

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Replicator regions of the yeast mitochondrial DNA responsible for suppressiveness.

Replicator regions of the yeast mitochondrial DNA responsible for suppressiveness.

Glucose repression of yeast mitochondrial transcription: kinetics of derepression and role of nuclear genes.

Assembly of mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase, a complicated and highly regulated cellular process

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