Effect of carbon nanotube addition on the tribological behavior of carbon/carbon composites

Lim, Dae Soon; An, Jin Yong; Lee, Hwack Joo

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(02)00012-1

Cited by 137 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For example, improvement in fracture toughness was observed for CNT filled alumina [9]. Tribological properties were reported for CNT filled copper composites [10], carbon/carbon composites [11], alumina composites [12], and polyimide composites [13]. Increases in wear resistance were frequently observed due to the reinforcement supplied by high-aspect-ratio CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological behavior and graphitization of carbon nanotubes grown on 440C stainless steel

et al. 2005

Tribol Lett

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Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays were directly grown onto 440C stainless steel substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Tribological properties of both short and long CNTs samples were studied under normal loads of 10 g, 25 g and 100 g. The CNTs had a steady-state friction coefficient of about 0.2 in humid air. In dry nitrogen, a friction of 0.2 was measured under a load of 10 g while high friction was measured at 25 g and 100 g loads. No significant variation of tribological behavior was measured between the short and long CNTs samples. SEM observations showed that rubbing caused the CNTs to align or lay down along the wear scar. They formed aggregates and were compressed by rubbing, which resulted in layer-structured graphite formations. SEM observation of the wear scars revealed loss of CNT structures accompanied by the appearance of dark areas. Micro Raman spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the dark areas were graphitized CNTs. Shear stress aligned the basal planes of the small graphene sheets in the CNT layers to the low friction orientation and eventually caused formation of more ordered graphite. The tribological formation of interfacial carbon layers increased with increasing stress from higher loads.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological behavior and graphitization of carbon nanotubes grown on 440C stainless steel

et al. 2005

Tribol Lett

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“…Under the N 2 (Lim et al, 2005) or vacuum atmosphere (Yeh et al, 2006), CNTs remained intact after the heating treatment. In this work, although the main atmosphere consists of CO and N 2 in theory (Chen, et al, 2008), in fact, locally the oxygen partial pressure is high, especially in the pores and interfaces, plus the high activation of CNTs, and thus CNTs can be consumed easily in increased temperature.…”

Section: Results and Discussion 331 Effect Of Cnts On Pore Structurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Innovation in Advanced Refractories

Li¹,

Aneziris²,

Jin³

et al. 2011

Carbon Nanotubes Applications on Electron Devices

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IntroductionCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted extensively interest of scientists and engineers due to their outstanding physical properties such as low density, high aspect ratio, Young's modulus, electrical and thermal conductivities. When single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are introduced into ceramics, metals and polymers as matrices, ultra-high strength and/or multifunctional composites can be developed as expected. Recently, CNT composite refractories have been the subject of intense research activities. In this chapter, MWCNTs (hereafter named as CNTs) were introduced into refractories to improve their mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, such as Al 2 O 3 -C refractories for slide gates and carbon blocks for blast furnaces in iron and steel making industry. ) and Carbores P powder (high melting coal-tar resin, Co. Rütgers) were used as starting materials. The batch composition consisted of 43-wt% 8-14 mesh tabular alumina, 17 -wt% -14 mesh tabular alumina, and 5.0 -wt% calcined alumina. Rest 35 -wt% starting materials consisted of -325 mesh tabular alumina, flake graphite, Al (Si, SiO 2 , CNTs) additives. -325 mesh tabular alumina and Al (Si, SiO 2 , CNTs) were first hand-mixed for a certain time in a corundum mortar till the colour of mixture looked homogeneous. An extra mixture of 4.0-wt% liquid novolak resin with 0.4-wt% hardener hexa and 2.0-wt% Carbores P powder was used as bonding system. The whole residual carbon of the sample was set at around 5.0-wt%. All batches were mixed following the same procedure by Toni mixer and then pressed to bars (25 mm in height, 25 mm in width and 150 mm in length) with the aid of a hydraulic press at a pressure of 150 MPa. Consequently, all the samples were hardened following the Application of CNTs in Al

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“…A general trend is observed for all these matrices: the friction coefficient and the wear loss decreases when the percentage of carbon nanotubes in the coatings increases, as presented in Figure 1.7 for Ni-based carbon nanotube (CNT) composite. In the case of carbon/carbon composite, the addition of carbon nanotubes leads to a reduction in wear loss, but the friction coefficient slightly increases with the percentage of carbon nanotubes in the coatings [31].…”

Section: Colloids Embedded In a Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloidal Lubrication: General Principles

Martin

Ohmae

2008

Nanolubricants

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Nanoparticles can be considered as potential lubricant additives. They present several major advantages compared to organic molecules currently used as lubricant additives, for example:r Their nanometre size allows them to enter the contact area easily. r They are often efficient at ambient temperature. Thus, no induction period is necessary to obtain interesting tribological properties. r Several types of nanoparticles can be envisaged as lubricant additives. The chapters of this book describe different possible nanolubricants: nested nanoparticles (fullerenes, onions and nanotubes) made on metal dichalcogenides or carbon, reverse overbased micelles, metallic nanoparticles and boron-based nanolubricants. In some cases, the authors chose to study these particles because their structure is close to well-known lamellar structures in tribology (for example inorganic fullerenes of MoS 2 ). However, dispersion of nanoparticles in oil is not always simple. Thus, in a first part, some rules will be shown about the dispersion of solid nanoparticles in a liquid.Another way to use nanoparticles in tribology is by embedding them inside a coating. Nanoparticles can improve the tribological of the coating itself, but nanoparticles can also be released by the coating during wear and can thus lubricate in the same way as if they were in the oil.

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Effect of carbon nanotube addition on the tribological behavior of carbon/carbon composites

Cited by 137 publications

References 22 publications

Tribological behavior and graphitization of carbon nanotubes grown on 440C stainless steel

Tribological behavior and graphitization of carbon nanotubes grown on 440C stainless steel

Application of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Innovation in Advanced Refractories

Colloidal Lubrication: General Principles

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