Effect of carbon dioxide laser irradiation on enamel surface microhardness around orthodontic brackets

Miresmaeili, Amirfarhang; Farhadian, Nasrin; Rezaei-Soufi, Loghman; Saharkhizan, Mehdi; Veisi, Meysam

doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.04.023

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the study of Steiner-Oliveira in 2010, using laser alone could not prevent enamel or dentin erosion. 25 Miresmaeili et al 22 reported that clinically, laser can increase enamel microhardness around brackets. Present study showed a statistically significant difference between groups regarding the distribution of ARI scores and more bond failure distributions were at the enamelbracket interface in groups 2 to 5 and at the bracketadhesive interface in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes include decomposition of organic matrix, decrease in carbonate compounds and fusion and recrystallization of hydroxyapatite crystals that causes a more resistant enamel to acid solution. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] It has been demonstrated that the effects of laser irradiation and topical fluoride may be synergistic.…”

Section: Effect Of Co2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application On Micrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composite resin was cured for 40 seconds with an LED light-curing unit (Kerr, DEMI plus, USA). 22 Then, the samples were randomly assigned to the following 5 experimental groups (16 teeth in each group): Group 1 (control): Neither fluoride nor CO 2 laser was applied on the enamel surface at the gingival edge of brackets.…”

Section: Bonding Of Bracketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of CO2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application on Microhardness of Enamel Surface Around Orthodontic Brackets

et al. 2017

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IntroductionOrthodontic treatment has many advantages such as esthetic improvement, function and self-estimation enhancement. 1Orthodontic appliances make oral hygiene more difficult and increase plaque accumulation. After installing fix orthodontic appliances in the mouth, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species increase. These bacteria release organic acid that causes dissolution of ions of calcium and phosphate from the enamel surface, which can lead to white spot lesions and this process can occur in 4 weeks.2 White spot lesions are defined as enamel decalcification due to subsurface mineral loss; while 10 to 30 µm of enamel surface remains intact. 3,4 The opaque appearance of the lesion is due to variations in light scattering of decalcified porous enamel. Years after orthodontic treatment, white spot lesions may develop into esthetic problems, because demineralized enamel may absorb colors from drinks and foods. 5,6 When the lesion progresses, remineralization gets tough and sometimes impossible 5,7 ; hence, it is important to prevent the formation of these lesions. Øgaard reported that 5 years after treatment, white spot lesions were more Orthodontic treatment has many advantages such as esthetic improvement and self-esteem enhancement; yet it has some disadvantages such as increasing the risk of formation of white spot lesions, because it makes oral hygiene more difficult. It is rational to implement procedures to prevent these lesions. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of CO 2 laser and fluoride varnish on the surface of the enamel surface microhardness around the orthodontic braces. Methods: Eighty extracted premolar teeth were selected, scaled, polished with nonfluoridated pumic and metal brackets were bonded to them. Then, they were randomly allocated to 5 groups: control (neither fluoride nor laser is used on enamel surfaces), fluoride (4 minutes fluoride varnish treatment of the enamel surfaces), CO 2 laser (10.6 µm CO 2 laser irradiation of the teeth), laserfluoride (fluoride application after laser irradiation) and fluoride-laser (fluoride was applied and then teeth were irradiated with laser). After surface treatment around brackets on enamel, the samples were stored in 0.1% thymol for less than 5 days and then they were exposed to a 10-day microbiological caries model. Microhardness values of enamel were evaluated with Vickers test. One sample of each group (5 teeth from 80 samples) was prepared for SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and the data from 75 remaining teeth were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests (α = 0.05). Results:Microhardness mean values from high to low were as follow: fluoride-laser, laser-fluoride, laser, fluoride and control. Microhardness in fluoride-laser group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group. Distribution adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were significantly different between groups and most of bond failures occurred at the enamel-adhesive interface in groups 2 to 5 and at the adhesive-b...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Co2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application On Micrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of CO2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application on Microhardness of Enamel Surface Around Orthodontic Brackets

et al. 2017

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“…17 Two studies applied a CO 2 laser to enamel around orthodontic brackets and reported that CO 2 laser irradiation produced marked demineralization inhibition in short and medium follow-up terms, as it led to significantly higher enamel microhardness compared to the control non-irradiated enamel (p ≤ 0.04). 18,19 One clinical study applied an Nd:YAG laser to enamel with WSLs and showed that it was effective in inhibiting the development of dental caries, as the increase of the WSL area was significantly lower compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). 13 One clinical trial used an Optodan low-intensity laser around orthodontic brackets and reported that the growth index in dental and surface caries intensity was significantly lower in the laser therapy group than in the control group (p ≤ 0.001).…”

Section: Results Of Individual Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of laser irradiation in preventing enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review

2018

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The objective of this study was to investigate the in vivo effectiveness of laser in the prevention of enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment. A search of electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials-CENTRAL, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses-PQDT Open from ProQuest) was carried out. In vivo studies, randomized and/or controlled clinical trials regarding the use of laser treatment to prevent enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment were included. The risk of bias of the studies included was assessed independently by 2 authors according to Cochrane guidelines. Eight articles were identified, comprising a total of 183 patients. Significant differences were observed in enamel demineralization between laser-irradiated and control groups for all laser types: argon laser, CO 2 laser, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, and Optodan ® laser, except for argon laser application for curing bracket adhesives, where no statistically significant differences were noted. Laser irradiation may be effective in inhibiting demineralization during orthodontic treatment, but there is a need for further randomized, controlled clinical trials, utilizing different laser systems to determine real clinical efficacy of the technique.

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“…21 Laser irradiation generates heat, which modifies the carbonated hydroxyapatite by the fusion of hydroxyapatite crystals, and the reduction of interprismatic spaces in the enamel structure. 22,23 Decreased shear bond strength (SBS) can lead to bracket debonding, cause problems for both the clinician and patient, increase the treatment cost, and prolong the course of treatment. Therefore, it is essential to find out whether the remineralizing agents have the ability to treat the demineralized enamel with no adverse effect on their SBS to orthodontic brackets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Remineralizing Agents With/Without CO2 Laser Irradiation on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Enamel and its Shear Bond Strength to Orthodontic Brackets

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Remineralizing agents may be used for the treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) prior to bracket bonding. However, some concerns exist regarding their possible interference with the etching and bonding process, negatively affecting the bond strength. This study aimed to assess the effect of two remineralizing agents with/without CO2 laser irradiation on the mechanical properties and shear bond strength (SBS) of demineralized enamel to the orthodontic bracket. Methods: This study evaluated 60 premolar teeth in 6 groups (n=10) as follows: (I) sound enamel, (II) demineralized enamel, (III) Nupro remineralizing agent (N), (IV) Nupro and CO2 laser (N/L), (V) Teethmate remineralizing agent (T), and (VI) Teethmate and CO2 laser (T/L). The remineralizing agents were applied to the enamel surfaces after their immersion in a demineralizing solution for 5 days. In groups IV and VI, the CO2 laser with a 10.6 μm wavelength, 10 ms pulse duration, a 50 Hz repetition rate, 0.3 mm beam diameter and 0.7 W power was irradiated after applying the remineralizing agents. Brackets were bonded to the enamel surfaces and SBS was measured by a universal testing machine. For the assessment of enamel microhardness, 20 sections of molar teeth were divided into 4 groups (n=5; N, N/L, T, T/L) and their microhardness was measured before demineralization, after demineralization and after remineralization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were carried out to assess the formation of hydroxyapatite. The atomic percentages of the C, O, P, Ca, Na, Si, F and Ca/P ratio were determined by EDS analysis. Results: The SBS significantly decreased in group II (P<0.001). There was no significant difference among the groups I, III, IV, V and VI (P<0.05). This finding was similar to the microhardness results, which showed an increase in microhardness after remineralization (P<0.05), with no difference among the remineralizing agents. The Ca/P ratio was the highest in the Nupro group and the lowest in the demineralized group. Conclusion: Remineralizing agents can significantly improve the microhardness and structural properties of demineralized enamel to a level similar to that of sound enamel with no adverse effect on SBS to orthodontic brackets.

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Effect of carbon dioxide laser irradiation on enamel surface microhardness around orthodontic brackets

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of CO2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application on Microhardness of Enamel Surface Around Orthodontic Brackets

Effect of CO2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application on Microhardness of Enamel Surface Around Orthodontic Brackets

Effectiveness of laser irradiation in preventing enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment: A systematic review

The Effect of Remineralizing Agents With/Without CO2 Laser Irradiation on Structural and Mechanical Properties of Enamel and its Shear Bond Strength to Orthodontic Brackets

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