Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on calcification in the red coralline alga Bossiella orbigniana

Smith, Andrew D.; Roth, Ariel A.

doi:10.1007/bf00398135

Cited by 71 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though it is not as precise as an endpoint titration, this is a commonly used, quick, simple and accurate enough method for its purpose that allows for a large amount of samples to be analysed in the field. The total carbon concentration of the seawater was calculated from pHb and pHa according to the formula of Riley & Skirrow (1965) using constants from Smith & Kinsey (1978).In order to measure calcification rates of the calcifying algae Hydrolithon sp., Mesophyllum sp. and Halimeda renschii, transparent open cylinders (24 cm diameter) were set along the upper sub-tidal area inhabited by seagrass beds and each of the calcareous macroalgae by pushing them some 10 cm into the sediment just at the lowest water level so that a volume of water (~4 l) was trapped within the cylinders, leaving the plants covered.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Seagrass photosynthesis controls rates of calcification and photosynthesis of calcareous macroalgae in a tropical seagrass meadow

Semesi

Beer²,

Björk³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

149

120

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Diel fluctuations in seawater pH can be >1 pH unit (7.9 to > 8.9) in the seagrass meadows of Chwaka Bay (Zanzibar, Tanzania). The high daily pH values are generated by the photosynthetic activity of the bay's submerged seagrasses and macroalgae, and maintained by the relatively low, tide-dominated, water exchange rate. Since pH in principle can affect rates of both calcification and photosynthesis, we investigated whether diel variations in pH caused by photosynthesis could affect rates of calcification and photosynthesis of the calcareous red (Hydrolithon sp. and Mesophyllum sp.) and green (Halimeda renschii) algae growing within these meadows. This was done by measuring rates of calcification and relative photosynthetic electron transport (rETR) of the algae in situ in open-bottom incubation cylinders either in the natural presence of the rooted seagrasses or after the leaves had been removed. The results showed that seagrass photosynthesis increased the seawater pH within the cylinders from 8.3-8.4 to 8.6-8.9 after 2.5 h (largely in conformity with that of the surrounding seawater), which, in turn, enhanced the rates of calcification 5.8-fold for Hydrolithon sp. and 1.6-fold for the other 2 species. The rETRs of all algae largely followed the irradiance throughout the day and were (in Mesophyllum sp.) significantly higher in the presence of seagrasses despite the higher pH values generated by the latter. We conclude that algal calcification within seagrass meadows such as those of Chwaka Bay is considerably enhanced by the photosynthetic activity of the seagrasses, which in turn increases the seawater pH.KEY WORDS: Calcareous algae · Calcification · Halimeda sp. · Hydrolithon sp. · Mesophyllum sp. · Photosynthesis · Halimeda renschii Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 382: [41][42][43][44][45][46][47] 2009 and Middelboe & Hansen 2007 for shallow macro-algal habitats). Also, seagrasses can increase the pH of the surrounding seawater; Invers et al. (1997) showed a pH increase of up to 0.5 units in seagrass meadows, which negatively affected photosynthetic rates of 3 seagrasses (Posidonia oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltii). Similarly, Beer et al. (2006) showed that dominant species from a tropical bay could raise the pH to 8.5-9.2 and suggested that certain species (in this case Halophila ovalis) were excluded from growing in mono-specific tidal pools with other species (e.g. Thalassia hemprichii) because they could not photosynthesise at the high pH values generated.One effect of seawater pH that has been studied more than the effects of photosynthesis and growth is calcification (e.g. Yates & Halley 2006). However, most studies of macrophytes considered mainly the negative effects of decreasing pH as brought about by the projected future enrichment in atmospheric and, accordingly, dissolved CO 2 (Smith & Roth 1979, Borowitzka 1981, Gao et al. 1993, de Beer & Larkum 2001. While some higher pH values have also been tested (Smi...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seagrass photosynthesis controls rates of calcification and photosynthesis of calcareous macroalgae in a tropical seagrass meadow

Semesi

Beer²,

Björk³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

149

120

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“…Photosynthesis influences calcification through the formation of the fibrous organic matrix of the cell walls of coralline algae, which is required for the deposition of calcite crystals, and through changes in internal pH. Changes in pH that occur in the cell wall at the site of calcification are affected by both photosynthesis and respiration; as a result calcification is largely regulated by these metabolic activities (Smith & Roth, 1979;Gao et al, 1993;Hurd et al, 2011).…”

Section: Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthesis, respiration and calcification in the Mediterranean crustose coralline algaLithophyllum cabiochae(Corallinales, Rhodophyta)

Martin

Charnoz

Gattuso

2013

European Journal of Phycology

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Primary production and calcification responses to irradiance were investigated in Lithophyllum cabiochae, a crustose coralline alga from Mediterranean coralligenous communities, collected at c. 25 m depth in the Bay of Villefranche. Algae were maintained in aquaria at temperature and irradiance levels close to in situ conditions. Physiological measurements were performed using incubation chambers in the dark and in the light at different irradiance levels within the range of those measured in situ. Both photosynthesis and calcification rates in L. cabiochae were strongly related to irradiance. Dark respiration averaged 0.2-0.3 µmol cm −2 thallus h −1 in terms of both O 2 consumption and CO 2 release and maximal gross photosynthesis averaged 1.0 µmol cm −2 h −1 in terms of both O 2 production and CO 2 uptake. Mean rate of net calcification was 0.1 µmol CaCO 3 cm −2 h −1 in the dark and reached 0.4 µmol CaCO 3 cm −2 h −1 in the light. Diel net and gross organic C productions were estimated to be 3 and 7 µmol C cm −2 thallus d −1, respectively. Diel net inorganic C production was estimated to be 3 µmol CaCO 3 cm −2 thallus d −1. Despite the low light conditions experienced by the algae at c. 25 m depth, L. cabiochae can be considered as a major contributor to primary productivity and calcium carbonate deposition, making coralligenous communities a major carbon and carbonate producer in the Mediterranean Sea.

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“…1 and Table 2). Smith and Roth (1979) is perhaps the first publication which manipulated the carbonate chemistry via gas bubbling within a range compatible with that of the on-going ocean acidification.…”

Section: Gas Bubblingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Approaches and software tools to investigate the impact of ocean acidification

2009

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Abstract. Although future changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry are well constrained, their impact on marine organisms and ecosystems remains poorly known. The biological response to ocean acidification is a recent field of research as most purposeful experiments have only been carried out in the late 1990s. The potentially dire consequences of ocean acidification attract scientists and students with a limited knowledge of the carbonate chemistry and its experimental manipulation. Hence, some guidelines on carbonate chemistry manipulations may be helpful for the growing ocean acidification community to maintain comparability. Perturbation experiments are one of the key approaches used to investigate the biological response to elevated pCO 2 . They are based on measurements of physiological or metabolic processes in organisms and communities exposed to seawater with normal or altered carbonate chemistry. Seawater chemistry can be manipulated in different ways depending on the facilities available and on the question being addressed. The goal of this paper is (1) to examine the benefits and drawbacks of various manipulation techniques and (2) to describe a new version of the R software package seacarb which includes new functions aimed at assisting the design of ocean acidification perturbation experiments. Three approaches closely mimic the on-going and future changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry: gas bubbling, addition of high-CO 2 seawater as well as combined additions of acid and bicarbonate and/or carbonate.

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Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on calcification in the red coralline alga Bossiella orbigniana

Cited by 71 publications

References 23 publications

Seagrass photosynthesis controls rates of calcification and photosynthesis of calcareous macroalgae in a tropical seagrass meadow

Seagrass photosynthesis controls rates of calcification and photosynthesis of calcareous macroalgae in a tropical seagrass meadow

Photosynthesis, respiration and calcification in the Mediterranean crustose coralline algaLithophyllum cabiochae(Corallinales, Rhodophyta)

Technical Note: Approaches and software tools to investigate the impact of ocean acidification

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