Effect of Carbon Black Materials on the Electrochemical Properties of Sulfur-Based Composite Cathode for Lithium-Sulfur Cells

Jeong, Bo Ock; Kwon, Sang Woon; Kim, Tae Jeong; Lee, Eun Hee; Jeong, Seong Hun; Jung, Yongju

doi:10.1166/jnn.2013.8111

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The pristine Ketjenblack CB had a specific BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET) surface area of ca. 1100 m 2 g −1 (note a similar value reported in other studies, 1270 m 2 g −1 63), which is substantially larger than that for another commonly used supporting material, Vulcan XC 72R carbon (ca. 220 m 2 g −1 ) 64.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Pacemaker Activated by an Abiotic Biofuel Cell Operated in Human Serum Solution

Holade¹,

MacVittie²,

Conlon³

et al. 2014

Electroanalysis

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An “abiotic” biofuel cell composed of catalytic electrodes modified with inorganic nanostructured species was used to activate a pacemaker. The catalytic nanoparticles of various compositions, AuxPty, deposited on carbon black (CB) were prepared and extensively characterized to select the species with selectivity for glucose oxidation and oxygen reduction. Then two kinds of 3D‐electrode materials with different morphology, buckypaper composed of carbon nanotubes (ca. 50 nm diameter) and carbon paper made of carbon fibers (ca. 7 µm diameter), were used in a combination with different catalytic species. Finally, Au/CB nanospecies deposited on buckypaper were selected for catalyzing glucose oxidation (composing the biofuel cell anode) and Au60Pt40/CB species deposited on carbon paper were selected for catalyzing oxygen reduction (composing the biofuel cell cathode). The catalytic electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry in an aqueous buffer solution and the polarization function for the biofuel cell was studied in a human serum solution. The open circuit voltage, Voc, short circuit current density, jsc, and maximum power produced by the biofuel cell, Pmax, were found as 0.35 V, 0.65 mA cm−2 and 104 µW, respectively (in human serum at 5.4 mM glucose). The biofuel cell produced the steady state open circuit voltage over 10 hours with its slow decrease over 50 hours originating from the glucose depletion and slow mass‐transport within the 3D‐electrode. The voltage produced by the biofuel cell was amplified with an energy harvesting circuit and applied to a pacemaker resulting in its proper operation. The present study continues the research line where different implantable (enzyme‐based or abiotic) biofuel cells are used for the activation of biomedical electronic devices, e.g., pacemakers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Pacemaker Activated by an Abiotic Biofuel Cell Operated in Human Serum Solution

Holade¹,

MacVittie²,

Conlon³

et al. 2014

Electroanalysis

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“…The common subtypes of CB are furnace black, acetylene black, lamp black, channel black, and thermal black (3, 43). CB is also known by the trade names such as Printex-90, Printex-140, Printex-G, and Lampblack-101 (3, 43). Around 95% of CB production is achieved by the oil furnace process (3, 44, 45).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways

2017

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The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their constituents and percent carbon contents. For the first time, “Sir Percival Pott” described soot as a carcinogen, which was subsequently confirmed by many others. The existing data suggest three main types of diseases due to soot and CB exposures: cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Experimental models revealed the involvement of oxidative stress, DNA methylation, formation of DNA adducts, and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation as the key mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced cancers. Metals including Si, Fe, Mn, Ti, and Co in soot also contribute in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage. Mechanistically, ROS-induced DNA damage is further enhanced by eosinophils and neutrophils via halide (Cl− and Br−) dependent DNA adducts formation. The activation of pulmonary dendritic cells, T helper type 2 cells, and mast cells is crucial mediators in the pathology of soot- or CB-induced respiratory disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were also found to modulate T cells functions in respiratory diseases. Particularly, telomerase reverse transcriptase was found to play the critical role in soot- and CB-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. In this review, we propose integrated mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced toxicity emphasizing the role of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. We also suggest use of antioxidants and PUFAs as protective strategies against soot- and CB-induced disorders.

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“…However, in all these works only small concentrations of nitrate were used and therefore low coulombic efficiencies were found or only a few cycles were shown. The performance of the lithiumesulfur cell is also dependent on the conductive carbon being used and most likely the BrunauereEmmetteTeller (BET) surface area is a critical variable [35]. In the latter study, unfortunately, no lithium nitrate was used as an additive to demonstrate long-term performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%