Effect of carbon‐based nanoparticles on the cure characteristics and network structure of styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizate

Saatchi, Mohammad Mahdi; Shojaei, Akbar

doi:10.1002/pi.4132

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Accordingly, it is clearly evidenced that the incorporation of the reinforcements increases always the viscosity of the rubber. This behavior has already been observed frequently by others in many rubber‐filler systems, which is often attributed to the strong interaction at the rubber–particle interfaces . Crosslink density values from Flory‐Rehner model corresponds with the variation of torque difference.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of plasticizer and curing system on freezing resistance of rubbers

Yoo

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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At glass transition temperature, T g the rubber compound becomes stiff and brittle and it loses all its rubbery characteristics. This article deals with the changes in T g of rubber blends based on natural rubber and polybutadiene rubber of varying vinyl content having different types and content of plasticizers, different curing systems and its effect on physico-mechanical properties to improve its freezing resistance. The plasticizers used were dioctylphthalate (DOP), tricrecylphosphate (TCP), dioctyladipate (DOA), and oil type plasticizers like parafinic oil (P#2) and aromatic oil (A#2). Among the plasticizers, when DOP and DOA content was high, an appreciable decrease of T g was found compared to TCP. Moreover, there was a remarkable decrease of T g using DOA plasticizer, which shows more effective on freezing resistance. However, there was not much change in T g with oil-type plasticizers with high oil content compared to TCP plasticizer. The effect of cross-linking systems such as conventional sulfur vulcanization (CV), efficient sulfur vulcanization (EV), and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and rubber blends with varying vinyl content in polybutadiene rubber were also carried out. It was found that T g in different cross-linking system decreased in this order: CV < EV < DCP. It reveals that DCP cross-linking system affect more for improving freezing resistance. Physico-mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, hardness were also measured. The ratio of initial slope (M 0 ) to steady-state slope (M 1 ), M 0 /M 1 in tensile curves of different blends were verified, which in turn related to the physico-mechanical properties and freezing resistance of rubber compounds. V C 2013 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39795.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Effect of plasticizer and curing system on freezing resistance of rubbers

Yoo

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…CB as a conventional reinforcement used in rubber goods exhibits a profound effect on the kinetics of vulcanization and on network structure. This behavior has been ascribed to the unique surface chemistry and surface topology of the CB resulting in marked physical and chemical interactions between CB surfaces and macromolecular chains . The properties of the composites with both CNTs and CB were improved effectively by the formation grape‐cluster‐like reinforcing structure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coal gangue/carbon black/multiwall carbon nanotubes hybrid fillers on the properties of natural rubber composites

Chen

et al. 2015

Polymer Composites

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The objective of this study was to investigate three kinds of filler with completely different morphology on mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR). Coal gangue (CG) are derived from natural deposits are composed principally by illite and quartz. CG, carbon black (CB), and multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) were used as hybrid fillers in NR. CNTs were dispersed into NR latex by ultrasonic irradiation and then the mixed latex were coagulated to obtain the CNTs/NR masterbatch, then mechanical mixing method was employed to prepare the CG/CB/CNTs/NR composites. The addition of CG, CB, and CNTs to NR was varied with the total filler loading fixed at 35 phr. The mechanical properties of NR composites were studied in terms of tensile and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results showed that the tensile strength and modulus 300% (M300) of all hybrid samples were higher than the composites only loaded CG; and the highest tensile strength of NR loaded with hybrid fillers achieved at sample of loading amount of CG 17.5, CB 15.5, and CNTs 2 phr, whose M300 and elongation at break was obviously higher than that of only CB loaded NR composites; The inclusion CG improves the tensile strength of NR without the sacrifice of its extensibility, while CB and CNTs brings together the enhancement in the ultimate strength and the reduction in the extensibility. DMA results revealed that the existence of CG can improve the dispersion of CB and CNTs in NR matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3083–3092, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…It can be seen in Fig. that σ M of all samples decreases sharply at low deformations, which is attributed to the Payne effect . At higher elongations (lower f ( λ ′)), σ M has an upturn increasing the behavior for all curves (inset of Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The pristine CSDPF/NR compound has the highest value of M L , while AMI‐CSDPF/NR compound has the lowest. As M L reflects the compound viscosity, the results suggest that the modifier AMI has a much greater effect on the decrease of viscosity of compound. In the case of Δ S , the AMI‐CSDPF/NR compound shows relatively the higher value of Δ S , which indicates the greater crosslinked degree .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Impacts of filler covalent and non‐covalent modification on the network structure and mechanical properties of carbon–silica dual phase filler/natural rubber

Wang

Ding

Xiong

2015

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The carbon–silica dual phase filler (CSDPF) was modified by bis (3‐triethoxy‐silylpropyl) tetrasulphane (Si69) and 1‐allyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium chloride (AMI), respectively. The natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates filled with modified CSDPF were fabricated through mechanical mixing followed by a high‐temperature cure process. The impacts of filler surface modification on the curing characters, crosslinked junctions, network structure, and mechanical properties of NR vulcanizates were investigated. The results showed that the Si69 interacted with CSDPF through covalent bond, while the interaction between AMI and CSDPF was hydrogen bond. Both modifications increased the cure rate of CSDPF/NR compounds as well as the crosslinked degree, compared with those of pristine CSDPF/NR compound. The modifications improved the dispersion of CSDPF in NR matrix. The covalent modification by Si69 caused a limited movement of NR chains in the CSDPF surface, which contributed to a greater tensile modulus of Si69‐modified CSDPF/NR. However, the higher content of mono‐sulfidic crosslink and the poorer content of strain‐induced crystallization in the NR matrix led to a slight increase of tensile strength and tear strength of Si69‐modified CSDPF/NR, compared with those of CSDPF/NR. The tensile modulus of AMI‐modified CSDPF/NR had a lower value due to a faster polymer chain motion on the CSDPF surface. However, the tensile and tear strength of AMI‐modified CSDPF/NR increased significantly because of the increase of mono‐sulfidic crosslink, strain‐induced crystallization, and the existed hydrogen bond between CSDPF and NR. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Effect of carbon‐based nanoparticles on the cure characteristics and network structure of styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizate

Cited by 45 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of plasticizer and curing system on freezing resistance of rubbers

Effect of plasticizer and curing system on freezing resistance of rubbers

Effect of coal gangue/carbon black/multiwall carbon nanotubes hybrid fillers on the properties of natural rubber composites

Impacts of filler covalent and non‐covalent modification on the network structure and mechanical properties of carbon–silica dual phase filler/natural rubber

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