Effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation, cure characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of NRF/carbon composites

Abstract

Natural rubber composite foam with carbon such as carbon black (CB), carbon synthesized from durian bark (CDB), graphite (GPT), graphene oxide (GO), graphene (GPE) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was studied in this work to investigate the relationship between foam formation during decomposition of chemical blowing agent mechanism and crosslink reaction of rubber molecules by sulphur. Natural rubber composite foam with carbon particle was set at 3 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) to observe the effect of carbon allotropes on foam formation with different microstructure and properties of natural rubber composite foam. The balancing of crosslink reaction by sulphur molecules during foam formation by the decomposition of chemical blowing agent affects the different morphology of natural rubber foam/carbon composites leading to the different mechanical and thermal properties. The result showed the fastest cure characteristics of natural rubber foam with 3 phr of graphene (NRF-GPE3) which was completely cure within 6.55 minutes (tc90) measured by moving die rheometer resulting in the smallest bubble diameter among other formulas. Moreover, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of MWCNT (NRF-MWCNT3) had the highest modulus (0.0035 ± 0.0005 N/m2) due to the small bubble size with high bulk density. In addition, natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GPT (NRF-GPT3) had the highest thermal expansion coefficient (282.12 ± 69 ppm/K) due to high amount of gas bubbles inside natural rubber foam matrix and natural rubber foam with 3 phr of GO (NRF-GO3) displayed the lowest thermal conductivity (0.0798 ± 0.0003 W/m.K) which was lower value than natural rubber foam without carbon filler (NRF). This might be caused by the effect of bubble diameter and bulk density as well as the defect on surface of graphene oxide compared to others carbon filler.

Effect of Free Formaldehyde on Chemical Structure and Thermal Properties of Nano-Titanium Dioxide Resin

“…As can be seen from Figure 4 , the degradation rate of formaldehyde by coating gradually increases with the increase of temperature, which is mainly due to the increase of temperature, the acceleration of the molecular movement rate, and the increase of the number of collisions between the catalyst and formaldehyde molecules, thus increasing the degradation rate. The degradation rate tends to be stable after 25°C because at room temperature, the heat energy is far less than the energy required for the electron transition in the valence band of the catalyst [ 20 ]. Therefore, the influence of temperature on the formaldehyde degradation efficiency of coating is limited [ 21 ].…”

Physical and mechanical properties of hybridized elastomeric foam based on ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer, multiwall carbon nanotube, and barium titanate

“…Nanofillers, particularly rod-like nanoparticles, are known to provide good reinforcing effects, albeit at the cost of an increase in the matrix viscosity. [30][31][32] Such reinforcing effects are likely to arise from good filler-matrix interactions promoted by the use of MAH-g-EPDM. 33 To corroborate these interactions, which should result in chain restrictions, the crosslink density (ν) of the compounds was calculated at their corresponding optimum cure.…”

Fabrication of ionic liquid modified carbon nanotubes-reinforced phenolic foam, structure-property relationships

“…Carbon-containing materials such as carbon black (CB), carbon derived from durian bark (CDB), graphite (GPT), graphene oxide (GO), graphene (GPE), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were used in the creation of natural rubber composite foam by Charoeythornkhajhornchai et al 15 They looked at the relation between the crosslink reaction of rubber molecules by sulfur and foam formation during the chemical blowing agent mechanism's breakdown. The morphological transformation of natural rubber/ carbon composite foam was influenced by the connection between sulfur vulcanization reaction and foam production.…”