Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion Subsequent to Carbohydrate Supercompensation on Endurance Performance

Kang, Jie; Robertson, Robert J.; Denys, Bart G.; DaSilva, Sérgio G.; Visich, Paul S.; Suminski, Richard R.; Utter, Alan C.; Goss, Fredric L.; Metz, Kenneth F.

doi:10.1123/ijsn.5.4.329

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results are similar to those from a cycling study conducted by Burke et al (8). However, other researchers found performance to be bettter in subjects when CHO loading and supplementation were combined before and during exercise (19), suggesting that loading and supplementation may have a synergistic effect on performance. In contrast, Widrick et al (33) found that cycling performance was significantly improved when preexercise glycogen levels were elevated by CHO loading, regardless of whether CHO was ingested throughout exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in endurance-trained women runners

Andrews¹,

Sedlock²,

Flynn³

et al. 2003

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) augmentation on endurance performance and substrate utilization in aerobically trained women. Eight endurance-trained women completed a 24.2-km (15 mile) self-paced treadmill performance run under three conditions: CHO supplementation (S), CHO loading and supplementation (L+S), and placebo (P). Dietary CHO was approximately 75% of energy intake for L+S and approximately 50% for both S and P. A 6% CHO-electrolyte solution (S and L+S) or placebo (P) was ingested preexercise (6 ml/kg) and every 20 min during exercise (3 ml/kg). Blood glucose was significantly higher at 40, 60, and 100 min during L+S, and at 60, 80, and 100 min during S compared with P (P < 0.05). Blood lactate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) during L+S than S and P. Blood glycerol was significantly lower (P < 0.05) at 20, 80, and 100 min during L+S, and at 80 and 100 min during S than P. The proportion of CHO (%) utilized during exercise was significantly higher (P < 0.05) during L+S (71.3 +/- 3.8%) and S (67.3 +/- 4.3%) than P (59.2 +/- 4.6%). Performance times (P > 0.05) were 132.5 +/- 6.3 min (S), 134.4 +/- 6.3 min (L+S), and 136.6 +/- 7.9 min (P). In conclusion, it appears that when CHO availability in women is increased through CHO loading and/or CHO supplementation, there is a concomitant increase in CHO utilization. However, this may not necessarily result in significantly improved performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in endurance-trained women runners

Andrews¹,

Sedlock²,

Flynn³

et al. 2003

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…A second characteristic that may have influenced the outcome of this trial was the exercise protocol used to evaluate cycling performance. The exercise task was designed to mimic the requirements of a 100-km road cycle race (25) rather than to have subjects exercise at fixed submaximal workloads to exhaustion as in previous studies of cycling (1,6,8,20) or running (7,14,22). In other studies, CHO loading has been shown to reduce the time taken to complete a prolonged running or cycling task (21,31,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate loading failed to improve 100-km cycling performance in a placebo-controlled trial

Burke

Hawley

Schabort

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physiology

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We evaluated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) loading on cycling performance that was designed to be similar to the demands of competitive road racing. Seven well-trained cyclists performed two 100-km time trials (TTs) on separate occasions, 3 days after either a CHO-loading (9 g CHO. kg body mass(-1). day(-1)) or placebo-controlled moderate-CHO diet (6 g CHO. kg body mass(-1). day(-1)). A CHO breakfast (2 g CHO/kg body mass) was consumed 2 h before each TT, and a CHO drink (1 g CHO. kg(.)body mass(-1). h(-1)) was consumed during the TTs to optimize CHO availability. The 100-km TT was interspersed with four 4-km and five 1-km sprints. CHO loading significantly increased muscle glycogen concentrations (572 +/- 107 vs. 485 +/- 128 mmol/kg dry wt for CHO loading and placebo, respectively; P < 0.05). Total muscle glycogen utilization did not differ between trials, nor did time to complete the TTs (147.5 +/- 10.0 and 149.1 +/- 11.0 min; P = 0.4) or the mean power output during the TTs (259 +/- 40 and 253 +/- 40 W, P = 0.4). This placebo-controlled study shows that CHO loading did not improve performance of a 100-km cycling TT during which CHO was consumed. By preventing any fall in blood glucose concentration, CHO ingestion during exercise may offset any detrimental effects on performance of lower preexercise muscle and liver glycogen concentrations. Alternatively, part of the reported benefit of CHO loading on subsequent athletic performance could have resulted from a placebo effect.

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“…We have previously demonstrated that such instructional approaches were effective in helping individuals achieve target diets (Kang et al 1995).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of preceding resistance exercise on metabolism during subsequent aerobic session

et al. 2009

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the acute effect of prior resistance training of varying intensities on energy expenditure and substrate utilization during subsequent aerobic exercise. Eleven males and 21 females completed three experimental trials consisting of (1) aerobic exercise only (C), (2) aerobic exercise preceded by a high-intensity resistance training (HI), and (3) aerobic exercise preceded by a low-intensity resistance training (LO). Resistance training produced an equal volume between HI and LO and consisted of six exercises with each performed for three sets of eight repetitions at 90% of 8-RM in HI and three sets of 12 repetitions at 60% of 8-RM in LO. Aerobic exercise was performed on a cycle ergometer at 50% VO(2)peak for 20 min in all trials. Oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbohydrate and fat oxidation were determined throughout each aerobic exercise session. Fat oxidation rate was higher (P < 0.05) in HI than either LO or C in both males and females. VO2 was also higher (P < 0.05) in HI than either LO or C in females. In males, although between-trial differences in VO2 did not reach statistical significance, they were consistent with the trend seen in females. No differences in carbohydrate oxidation rates were observed across the three trials in either gender group. It appears that in training that combines both aerobic and resistance exercises, performing a comparatively higher intensity resistance exercise first would augment fat utilization and energy expenditure during subsequent aerobic exercise.

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Effect of Carbohydrate Ingestion Subsequent to Carbohydrate Supercompensation on Endurance Performance

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in endurance-trained women runners

Carbohydrate loading and supplementation in endurance-trained women runners

Carbohydrate loading failed to improve 100-km cycling performance in a placebo-controlled trial

Effect of preceding resistance exercise on metabolism during subsequent aerobic session

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