“…Moreover, although there is abundant literature on the measurement of greenhouse emissions from paddy fields and associated mitigation issues (Dan et al, 2001;Deepanjan, 2003;Hou et al, 2000;Kewei and Patrick, 2003;Kruger and Frenzel, 2003;Leip et al, 2007;Neue, 1997;Sahrawat, 2004;Schü tz et al, 1989;Singh et al, 1999;Watanabe et al, 1995), only the few studies discussed below applied the LCA methodology to the rice agri-food chain as a whole and, to authors' knowledge, there are no papers dealing with LCA of Italian rice. Breiling et al (2005) applied LCA to understand the potential of no-tilling cultivation on greenhouse emissions in Japan.…”