Effect of carbide fraction and matrix microstructure on the wear of cast iron balls tested in a laboratory ball mill

Albertin, Eduardo; Sinatora, Amilton

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00664-0

Cited by 108 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Concerning wet conditions without corrosive media, Albertin and Sinatora [9] tested cast iron balls produced from Fe-(12 to 25)Cr-(1.6 to 3.5)C with carbide fractions of 13 to 40% by wet, ball milling with hematite (400-600 HV), phosphate rock (about 300 HV) or quartz sand (about 1000 HV) as abrasives and noted that the effect of carbide volume fraction on the wear resistance of high chromium cast irons depends on the abrasive hardness. For a very hard abrasive such as quartz, increasing the carbide volume fraction in the same metallic matrix lead to increasing wear rate by a mechanism combining rapid removal of the metallic matrix followed by micro-cracking of the carbides, consequently a martensitic steel presented the best performance against the quartz abrasive, as compared to that of high chromium cast irons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure And Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour Of As-Cast High Chromium White Irons Containing Molybdenum In Aqueous Sulfuric-Acid Slurry

Imurai¹,

Thanachayanont²,

Pearce³

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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MIKROSTRUKTURA ODLEWANYCH WYSOKOCHROMOWYCH ŻELIW BIAŁYCH ZAWIERAJĄCYCH MOLIBDEN I ICH WŁAŚCIWOŚCI EROZYJNO-KOROZYJNE W WODNEJ ZAWIESINIE KWASU SIARKOWEGOMicrostructure and erosion-corrosion behaviour of as-cast high chromium white irons containing molybdenum in aqueous sulfuric-acid slurry was studied. The experimental irons contained 28 wt.%Cr with a Cr:C ratio of about 10 and up to 10 wt.%Mo. The irons with up to 6 wt.%Mo are hypoeutectic, whereas the iron with 10 wt.%Mo becomes eutectic/peritectic. Mo addition promotes formation of M 23 C 6 and M 6 C, instead of typical M 7 C 3 . Erosion-corrosion testing was performed in aqueous sulfuric-acid slurry containing alumina particles. The hypoeutectic Fe-28Cr-2.7C-1Mo with mainly M 7 C 3 and the eutectic/peritectic Fe-28Cr-2.6C-10Mo showed reduced wear rates of about 30% and 7% of that of the reference iron without Mo addition, respectively. The reduction of the carbide-matrix hardness difference, the increase of corrosion resistance of the matrices, and the increase of macro-hardness are determining factors for the improvement of erosion-corrosion resistance of the irons.Keywords: high chromium cast irons, microstructure, electron microscopy, erosion, corrosion W pracy badano mikrostrukturę odlewanych wysokochromowych żeliw białych zawierających molibden oraz ich właściwo-ści erozyjno-korozyjne w wodnej zawiesinie kwasu siarkowego. Badane żeliwa zawierały 28% wag. chromu przy stosunku Cr:C około 10 oraz do 10% wag. molibdenu. żeliwa zawierające do 6% wag. Mo są podeutektykami, natomiast żeliwa o zawartości 10% wag. Mo -eutektykami/perytektykami. Dodatek molibdenu sprzyja powstawaniu faz M 23 C 6 i M 6 C, w miejsce typowego M 7 C 3 . Właściwości erozyjno-korozyjne badano w wodnej zawiesinie kwasu siarkowego zawierającej cząstki tlenku glinu. Szybkość zużycia podeutektycznego żeliwa Fe-28Cr-2,7C-1Mo, zawierającego głównie M 7 C 3 , oraz eutektyczny/perytektyczny Fe-28Cr-2,6C-10Mo była niższa odpowiednio o ok. 30% i 7% w odniesieniu do żeliwa bez dodatku Mo. Jako czynniki determinujące zwiększenie odporności na erozję i korozję należy wymienić: zmniejszenie różnicy twardości pomiędzy węglikiem a matrycą, wzrost odporności na korozję matrycy oraz wzrost makrotwardości.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure And Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour Of As-Cast High Chromium White Irons Containing Molybdenum In Aqueous Sulfuric-Acid Slurry

Imurai¹,

Thanachayanont²,

Pearce³

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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“…The traditional method to manufacture hot forging die is to machine forged modules of 5CrNiMo or H13 and to do surface treatment such as nitriding, carburizing, shot peening etc. to extend the service life of dies (Albertin et al 2001; Bagherifard et al 2013;Chen 2002). However, this method has many defects such as low material utilization, large amount of finishing, long production period, high cost and so on (Ciancaglioni et al 2012), which impedes the upgrading of products and lowers the competition ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimetal-gradient-layer surfacing of forging die manufacturing based on cast-steel substrate

Zhang

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2015

MATEC Web of Conferences

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Abstract.To solve problems encountered in manufacturing forging die used on large-scale hydraulic press with traditional method, such as poor forging penetration, long cycle, high cost, etc, a new method of mold making was put forward, which adopted casting steel as substrate and used two surfacing layers-the bimetal-gradient-layer(BGL)-on the working area of die cavity to make forging die. Firstly, the processes and materials were chosen according to the operating requirements of equipment and BGL surfacing samples were prepared. Then, properties analyses of samples were conducted. The application experiment was done on 50MN hydraulic press. The results showed that this method could shorten the manufacturing cycle and reduce cost apparently; properties between substrate and surfacing layers transited smoothly; the properties of die manufactured by BGL surfacing method could meet the requirements of 50 MN hydraulic press well, which justified the new method's effectiveness.

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“…A resistência ao desgaste tende a aumentar com a porcentagem de carbonetos, até um limite a partir do qual predomina um comportamento frágil. (2) A descrição da microestrutura e propriedades da matriz metálica é complexa, devido à grande diversidade de possibilidades, que incluem austenita e martensita com diversas composições químicas e propriedades, Figura 1. Superfície liquidus do sistema Fe-Cr-C, (1) (% em massa).destacando-se a região correspondente às ligas comerciais (a, d = ferrita; g = austenita).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Ocorrência de trincas subsuperficiais nos carbonetos no caso de matriz austenítica, durante ensaio de desgaste em moinho de bolas. (2) Como a microestrutura bruta de fundição em geral é constituída majoritariamente por austenita retida, na grande maioria das aplicações realiza-se tratamento térmico de desestabilização da austenita seguido de têmpera. A abordagem clássica para a desestabilização da austenita (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) consiste na manutenção da peça no campo austenítico, promovendo a formação de carbonetos ao carbono.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Adequação Da Composição Química E Do Tratamento Térmico De Ferros Fundidos De Alto Cromo Utilizando Termodinâmica Computacional

Albertin¹,

Neto²,

Teixeira³

2011

TMM

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3 ResumoO objetivo do presente trabalho é a aplicação dos recursos de termodinâmica computacional para a otimização dos tratamentos térmicos dos ferros fundidos de alto cromo. Apresentam-se as características das ligas comerciais baseadas no sistema Fe-Cr-C e as etapas de aplicação da termodinâmica computacional para auxiliar na previsão das microestruturas e propriedades que podem ser obtidas em função das composições químicas e tratamentos térmicos das ligas. São apresentados os resultados de dois casos práticos. Foi desenvolvida uma liga com 31%Cr e adição de nitrogênio, combinando resistência ao desgaste e à corrosão, graças à obtenção de uma matriz martensítica com dureza acima de 700 HV, contendo mais de 14% de cromo dissolvido. Para obter resistência ao desgaste e a impactos foi desenvolvida uma liga com 17%Cr com adição de 1,5%Mo. A análise por termodinâmica computacional permite prever a composição química da liga e o tratamento térmico necessários para atingir 0,8%Mo dissolvido na austenita antes da têmpera, o que favorece a obtenção de dureza secundária durante o tratamento de revenimento. Palavras-chave: Ferro fundido alto cromo; Termodinâmica computacional. OPTIMIZING HEAT TREATMENT OF HIGH CHROMIUM CAST IRONS USING COMPUTATIONAL THERMODYNAMICS AbstractA methodology for using computational thermodynamics to optimize heat treatments of high chromium cast irons is presented. The main characteristics of the commercial alloys based on the Fe-Cr-C system are discussed, together with the steps to be applied using computational thermodynamics to preview microstructures and properties that can be achieved, resulting from different alloy compositions and heat treatments. The results of application of the method for two practical cases are presented. A 31%Cr alloy (all percentages are by mass, unless otherwise stated), with nitrogen addition, was developed to resist to abrasion and corrosion, a result obtained thanks to a martensitic matrix with hardness over 700 HV, containing over 14% dissolved chromium. An abrasion and impact resistant alloy was developed using computational thermodynamics to establish the chemical composition and heat treatment to obtain 0.8%Mo dissolved in the austenite previously to the quenching treatment, leading to secondary hardening during tempering.

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Effect of carbide fraction and matrix microstructure on the wear of cast iron balls tested in a laboratory ball mill

Cited by 108 publications

References 5 publications

Microstructure And Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour Of As-Cast High Chromium White Irons Containing Molybdenum In Aqueous Sulfuric-Acid Slurry

Microstructure And Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour Of As-Cast High Chromium White Irons Containing Molybdenum In Aqueous Sulfuric-Acid Slurry

Bimetal-gradient-layer surfacing of forging die manufacturing based on cast-steel substrate

Adequação Da Composição Química E Do Tratamento Térmico De Ferros Fundidos De Alto Cromo Utilizando Termodinâmica Computacional

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