Effect of canopy interception on spatial variability and isotopic composition of throughfall in Japanese cypress plantations

Kato, Hiroaki; Onda, Yuichi; Nanko, Kazuki; Gomi, Takashi; Yamanaka, Tsutomu; Kawaguchi, Shimpei

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.028

Cited by 51 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The measured interception losses in this tropical secondary dipterocarp forest are on the low side of most ranges reported for temperate and semiarid canopies (Xiao et al, 2000;Iida et al, 2005;Reid and Lewis, 2007;Kato et al, 2013;Allen et al, 2014;Swaffer et al, 2014;Nanko et al, 2016). However, our values and variabilities are very similar to those reported in an open tropical Brazilian rainforest with many palm trees (10.2 ± 5.6 %) where similar magnitudes and numbers of storms were recorded (Germer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In other large events, it appears that the higher maximum 20 min wind speed was a factor in dislodging water from within the plot and surrounding canopies and resulted in limited interception. Many studies have shown that storage of water in tree canopies is reduced under windy conditions (Hutchings et al, 1988;Llorens and Gallart, 2000;Xiao et al, 2000;Keim and Skaugset, 2003;Kato et al, 2013). While wind can increase evaporation and dry the canopy during storms (Kelliher et al, 1992;Xiao et al, 2000), it may increase measured throughfall by increasing canopy drip, changing the angle of incoming rainfall, and capturing wind-blown rain from adjacent trees (Xiao et al, 2000;Ziegler et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because forests intercept and evaporate rainwater back to the atmosphere, less rainfall typically reaches the forest floor when canopies are intact (Rowe et al, 1999;Crockford and Richardson, 2000;Reid and Lewis, 2009;Ziegler et al, 2009;Kato et al, 2013). However, the effects of canopy interception are affected by antecedent precipitation, wind, rainfall intensity and duration, and canopy structure (Xiao et al, 2000;Scott et al, 2003;Pypker et al, 2005;Germer et al, 2006;Kato et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effects of canopy interception are affected by antecedent precipitation, wind, rainfall intensity and duration, and canopy structure (Xiao et al, 2000;Scott et al, 2003;Pypker et al, 2005;Germer et al, 2006;Kato et al, 2013). As such, canopy interception can vary greatly from event to event at a given site (Keim et al, 2004;Ziegler et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The canopy interception–landslide initiation conundrum: insight from a tropical secondary forest in northern Thailand

Sidle

Ziegler

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The interception and smoothing effect of forest canopies on pulses of incident rainfall and its delivery to the soil has been suggested as a factor in moderating peak pore water pressure in soil mantles, thus reducing the risk of shallow landslides. Here we provide 3 years of rainfall and throughfall data in a tropical secondary dipterocarp forest characterized by few large trees in northern Thailand, along with selected soil moisture dynamics, to address this issue. Throughfall was an estimated 88 % of rainfall, varying from 86 to 90 % in individual years. Data from 167 events demonstrate that canopy interception was only weakly associated (via a nonlinear relationship) with total event rainfall, but not significantly correlated with duration, mean intensity, or antecedent 2-day precipitation (API 2 ). Mean interception during small events (≤ 35 mm) was 17 % (n = 135 events) compared with only 7 % for large events (> 35 mm; n = 32). Examining small temporal intervals within the largest and highest intensity events that would potentially trigger landslides revealed complex patterns of interception. The tropical forest canopy had little smoothing effect on incident rainfall during the largest events. During events with high peak intensities, high wind speeds, and/or moderate-to-high pre-event wetting, measured throughfall was occasionally higher than rainfall during large event peaks, demonstrating limited buffering. However, in events with little wetting and low-to-moderate wind speed, early event rainfall peaks were buffered by the canopy. As rainfall continued during most large events, there was little difference between rainfall and throughfall depths. A comparison of both rainfall and throughfall depths to conservative mean intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation revealed that throughfall exceeded the threshold in 75 % of the events in which rainfall exceeded the threshold for both wet and dry conditions. Throughfall intensity for the 11 largest events (rainfall = 65-116 mm) plotted near or above the intensity-duration threshold for landslide initiation during wet conditions; 5 of the events were near or above the threshold for dry conditions. Soil moisture responses during large events were heavily and progressively buffered at depths of 1 to 2 m, indicating that the timescale of any short-term smoothing of peak rainfall inputs (i.e., ≤ 1 h) has little influence on peak pore water pressure at depths where landslides would initiate in this area. Given these findings, we conclude that canopy interception would have little effect on mitigating shallow landslide initiation during the types of monsoon rainfall conditions in this and similar tropical secondary forest sites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The canopy interception–landslide initiation conundrum: insight from a tropical secondary forest in northern Thailand

Sidle

Ziegler

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…One collector was installed in an open site near the plantation stand and the other was within the stand and collected throughfall. Some results on isotopic characteristics of open rainfall and throughfall were given by Kato et al (2013).…”

Section: Isotopic Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing root water uptake profile estimations from an isotope-calibrated mechanistic model and a mixing model

Yamanaka

Kimura

Sun

et al. 2017

Hydrological Research Letters

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Abstract:The root water uptake profile (RWUP) reflects a plant's survival strategy and controls evapotranspiration and carbon fluxes. Despite its importance, there is still no reliable method for reconstructing this profile. In this study, we applied and compared two possible approaches to a case study in a conifer plantation: an isotope-calibrated mechanistic model and a mixing model with a bell-shaped approximation. Our results show that, after calibrating the hydrologically-active root density profile, the mechanistic model gave a good estimation of the xylem water isotope delta (δ x ); even though the measured root density was greater in shallower soils, water uptake occurred throughout the entire soil profile, with more uptake in deeper soils. The RWUPs estimated by the mixing model were different from those estimated by the mechanistic model and were unrealistic. However, when we constrained the minimum thickness of the water uptake zone, there was good agreement between the RWUPs from the two approaches. We can therefore conclude that the mechanistic model calibrated with isotopes gave better results, and that sole use of the mixing model is not recommended unless appropriate constraints are applied.

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Interception effects on stable isotope driven streamwater transit time estimates

Stockinger

Lücke

McDonnell

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Previous studies of streamwater transit time distributions (TTDs) used isotope tracer information from open precipitation (OP) as inputs to lumped watershed models that simulate the stream isotopic composition to estimate TTD. However, in forested catchments passage of rainfall through the canopy will alter the tracer signature of throughfall (TF) via interception. Here we test the effect of using TF instead of OP on TTD estimates. We sampled a 0.39 km2 catchment (Wüstebach, Germany) for a 19 month period using weekly precipitation and stream isotope data to evaluate changes in stream isotope simulation and TTDs. We found that TF had different effects on TTDs for δ18O and δ2H, with TF leading to up to 4 months shorter transit times. TTDs converged for both isotopes only when using TF. TF improved the stream isotope simulations. These results demonstrate the importance of canopy‐induced isotope tracer changes in estimating streamwater TTDs in forested catchments.

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Effect of canopy interception on spatial variability and isotopic composition of throughfall in Japanese cypress plantations

Cited by 51 publications

References 36 publications

The canopy interception–landslide initiation conundrum: insight from a tropical secondary forest in northern Thailand

The canopy interception–landslide initiation conundrum: insight from a tropical secondary forest in northern Thailand

Comparing root water uptake profile estimations from an isotope-calibrated mechanistic model and a mixing model

Interception effects on stable isotope driven streamwater transit time estimates

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