Effect of Candida utilis on growth and intestinal health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Hofossæter, Mette; Sahlmann, Christian; Ånestad, Ragnhild; Reveco-Urzua, Felipe Eduardo; Press, Charles McL.; Mydland, Liv Torunn; Øverland, Margareth

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734239

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…A study where parr where fed 200 g/kg C . utilis with FM showed that this diet combination did not alter the DI morphology when compared with FM control diet [31]. The present study is the first to demonstrate that FM200CU diet maintains a DI morphology similar to the FM based control diet in sea-water adapted farmed salmon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Candida utilis yeast as a functional protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Local intestinal tissue and plasma proteome responses

et al. 2019

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Microbial ingredients such as Candida utilis yeast are known to be functional protein sources with immunomodulating effects whereas soybean meal causes soybean meal-induced enteritis in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Inflammatory or immunomodulatory stimuli at the local level in the intestine may alter the plasma proteome profile of Atlantic salmon. These deviations can be helpful indicators for fish health and, therefore potential tools in the diagnosis of fish diseases. The present work aimed to identify local intestinal tissue responses and changes in plasma protein profiles of Atlantic salmon fed inactive dry Candida utilis yeast biomass, soybean meal, or combination of soybean meal based diet with various inclusion levels of Candida utilis. A fishmeal based diet was used as control diet. Inclusion of Candida utilis yeast to a fishmeal based diet did not alter the morphology, immune cell population or gene expression of the distal intestine. Lower levels of Candida utilis combined with soybean meal modulated immune cell populations in the distal intestine and reduced the severity of soybean meal-induced enteritis, while higher inclusion levels of Candida utilis were less effective. Changes in the plasma proteomic profile revealed differences between the diets but did not indicate any specific proteins that could be a marker for health or disease. The results suggest that Candida utilis does not alter intestinal morphology or induce major changes in plasma proteome, and thus could be a high-quality alternative protein source with potential functional properties in diets for Atlantic salmon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Candida utilis yeast as a functional protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Local intestinal tissue and plasma proteome responses

et al. 2019

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“…Few studies have explored the replacement of plant proteins with torula yeast despite the prevalence of these materials in commercial salmonid. The reduced growth performance of sh fed the MIX20 compared with MIX10 was also found when torula yeast replaced gluten and starch in a soybean meal-based diet also at an inclusion of 20% 13 however MIX20 was comparable with the MIX00 control, suggesting MIX10 may be optimal in this juvenile study. In comparison, when 25% inclusion level of torula yeast replaced a mixture of plant and marine protein sources in Atlantic Salmon through the freshwater to seawater transfer, growth performance and feed intake were improved compared to the control 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…This matches well with existing research where torula yeast has successfully replaced up to 40% of protein from sh meal in the diets of freshwater (FW) Atlantic salmon without negatively impacting growth performance 18 . Existing research suggests that the addition of torula yeast to a standard sh meal diet can even enhance the growth of FW Atlantic salmon compared to sh meal alone 13 . The present study provides further evidence that even in Atlantic salmon less than 2g body weight, torula yeast is a suitable partial replacement for marine protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinni, anamorph name Candida utilis) has long been considered for animal feed, historically as a functional feed additive, and more recently in the research as a protein source 5,6 . Extensive existing research has investigated the potential to include torula yeast in diets of poultry 7 , pigs [8][9][10] , and a wide range of aquaculture species including, Paci c white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) 11 , Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 12 and Atlantic salmon (S. salar) 13,14 . As a protein source, torula yeast has a high potential value since it can be cultivated independent of location and climate and does not add to pressure on existing agricultural systems 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.

Leeper

Ekmay

Knobloch

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Atlantic salmon aquaculture is expanding, and with it, the need to find suitable replacements for conventional protein sources used in formulated feeds. Torula yeast (Cyberlindnera jadinii), has been identified as a promising alternative protein for feeds and can be sustainably cultivated from lignocellulosic biomasses. The present study investigates the impact of torula yeast on the growth performance and the gut microbiome of freshwater Atlantic salmon. Both a marine protein base diet and a mixed marine and plant protein base diet were tested, where conventional proteins were replaced with increasing inclusion levels of torula yeast, (0%, 10%, 20%). This study demonstrated that 20% torula yeast can replace fish meal without alteration to growth performance while leading to potential benefits for the gut microbiome by increasing the presence of bacteria positively associated with the host. However, when torula yeast replaced plant meal in a mixed protein diet, results suggest 10% inclusion of yeast produced the best growth performance results and at the highest inclusion level, potentially negative changes were observed in the gut microbial community, such as a decrease in lactic acid bacteria. This study supports the continued investigation of torula yeast for Atlantic salmon as a partial replacement for conventional proteins.

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“…Goblet cell is a kind of mucus-secreting cell distributed among the columnar epithelial cells of mucosa (Hur et al, 2013;Kadhim et al, 2019). It can secrete mucus which acts as a lubricant for the movement of chyme in the intestine (Øvrum Hansen et al, 2019), promoting the digestion and absorption of fish. The results of present study indicated that when the amount of FM substituted by ESB was no more than 160 g kg −1 , there was no negative effect on the intestinal histomorphology of juvenile largemouth bass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of fish meal with enzyme‐treated soybean in diets for juvenile largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Liu

Chi

et al. 2021

Aquacult Nutr

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Yearbook, 2020). As a carnivorous fish, it has high demand for dietary protein. Previous studies found that the protein requirement of juvenile largemouth bass was 480-510 g kg −1 (Huang et al., 2017) and 50% of the protein was provided by fish meal (FM) (Subhadra et al., 2006). However, fish meal as a high-quality protein source and an expensive component of commercial fish feeds, its requirement and price increase rapidly with intensive aquaculture continuing to expand (Hardy, 2010). Therefore, it is worth studying to find a suitable substitute for fish meal in largemouth bass feed.In recent years, efforts have been made to replace FM with plant protein sources. Among them, soybean products are widely concerned because of their appropriate price, easy to obtain and high

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Effect of Candida utilis on growth and intestinal health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Candida utilis yeast as a functional protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Local intestinal tissue and plasma proteome responses

Candida utilis yeast as a functional protein source for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): Local intestinal tissue and plasma proteome responses

Torula Yeast in the Diet of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar and the Impact on Growth Performance and Gut Microbiome.

Substitution of fish meal with enzyme‐treated soybean in diets for juvenile largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

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