Effect of caliber rolling reduction ratios on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 45 medium carbon steel

Cutting mechanics and efficiency of forward and reverse multidirectional turning

“…As the world's most widely used metal material, steel and iron has a significant influence on human life and social development [57]. Among them, 45 carbon steel has been widely used in ships, bridges, machinery and other fields due to its excellent mechanical properties [58].…”

Effect of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of medium‐carbon low‐alloy steel by caliber rolling

“…The big difference between ultrafine elongated grain steel and ordinary steel is that ultrafine elongated grain steel has good impact resistance at low temperatures, especially in the range of -50 °C to 20 °C [12]. Large deformation multi-pass caliber rolling is an improvement of severe plastic deformation (SPD) technology; the loading mode of the workpiece is quite different from that of the traditional severe plastic deformation technology [13].…”

Strengthen and Toughen the Low‐Alloyed Steel by Direct Tempforming

“…[3] Compared with the TMCP and SPD methods, imposing deformation to the quenched martensite during tempering, i.e., tempforming, is a new strategy that can produce high-strength and tough steels with lean compositions. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The microstructure obtained by tempforming contains fibrous grains decorated with nano-sized carbides. The diameter of fiber grains can be reduced to hundreds of nanometers, which offers a unique strategy to produce steels with high yield stress and excellent toughness.…”

“…[4][5][6][7] To date, numerous studies are devoted to investigate the effect of forming temperature, area reduction rate, and the addition of a small amount of alloying element on the strength and toughness of steels after tempforming. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Energy consumption is the other unavoidable consideration for the development of advanced engineering materials. In this study, for the first time, tempforming process was directly employed in the commercial hot-rolled and air-cooled low-alloyed steels.…”

“…[ 4–7 ] To date, numerous studies are devoted to investigate the effect of forming temperature, area reduction rate, and the addition of a small amount of alloying element on the strength and toughness of steels after tempforming. [ 8–22 ]…”