Effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in Gambian children accustomed to a low-calcium diet

Dibba, Bakary; Prentice, Ann; Ceesay, Mustapha; Stirling, Dorothy M.; Cole, Tim; Poskitt, E.M.E.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.2.544

Cited by 209 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Several intervention studies have shown a reduction in bone turnover after calcium supplementation in children. In a randomized, double-blinded trial, conducted on predominantly prepubertal children, significantly lower (P ¼ 0.001) s-OC concentrations were seen in a calcium supplemented group (1000 mg/day) compared with a placebo group (Dibba et al, 2000). Similarly, monozygotic-twins, supplemented with 1000 mg/day calcium for 3 years, had lower (Po0.05) s-OC concentrations compared to a placebo group (Johnston et al, 1992;Slemenda et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High intake of milk, but not meat, decreases bone turnover in prepubertal boys after 7 days

et al. 2007

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Objective: To compare the short-term effect of a high milk and a high meat intake, identical in protein amount, on bone turnover during prepuberty. Setting: A University Department. Design and Subjects: From 28, randomly recruited, 8-year-old boys, first 14 were assigned to the milk group and next 14 to the meat group. In each group, 12 boys finished the dietary intervention. Intervention: Milk (1.5 l/day) and meat (250 g/d), both containing B53 g of protein, were given together with the habitual diet for 7 days. At baseline and dayÀ7, serum osteocalcin (s-OC), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (s-BAP) and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (s-CTX) were measured (immunoassay) and dietary intake was estimated (a 3-day weighted food record). Results: Baseline s-OC, s-BAP and s-CTX were not significantly different between the groups. After 7 days, the average protein intake increased in both groups by 47.5 g; the milk group had higher (Po0.0001) calcium intake; s-OC and s-CTX decreased (Pp0.04) in the milk group (À30.9%; À18.7%, respectively) compared with the meat group ( þ 6.4%; À1.0%, respectively) and s-BAP decreased (P ¼ 0.06) both in the milk (À3.9%) and the meat group (À7.5%). Conclusions: At the equal protein intake, milk, but not meat, decreased bone turnover in prepubertal boys after 7 days. This effect was probably due to some milk-derived compounds, rather than to the total protein intake. Future studies should elucidate the mechanism(s) of milk-related decline of bone turnover and its relevance for peak bone mass during growth. Sponsorship: University PhD scholarships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

High intake of milk, but not meat, decreases bone turnover in prepubertal boys after 7 days

et al. 2007

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“…However, previous work in this community has shown that puberty is delayed as compared to British reference children. 10 It is therefore unlikely that children of this age will have reached puberty. All the Italian children in the study were known to be healthy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in the relationship between fasting leptin and BMI in children

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To compare the relationship between fasting serum leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) in children from different ethnic groups. SUBJECTS: Children aged 6-10 y from rural Gambia (n ¼ 471) and central Italy (n ¼ 839). MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry (z-score of BMI) and fasting serum leptin concentrations. RESULTS: The Italian children had significantly higher mean BMI z-scores than the Gambian children (males: Italy 1.58, Gambia À1.44, Pr0.0001; females: Italy 1.33, Gambia -1.42, Pr0.0001) and significantly higher serum leptin concentrations (males: Italy 8.86 ng ml À1 , Gambia 1.78 ng ml À1 , Pr0.0001; females: Italy 11.31 ng ml À1 , Gambia 2.22 ng ml À1 , Pr0.0001). A significantly different relationship was observed between z-score of BMI and serum leptin levels in the Gambian and the Italian children for both boys and girls. CONCLUSION: A different relationship exists between z-score of BMI and leptin levels in these two groups of children from very diverse ethnic backgrounds. Future studies using detailed measures of body composition and energy balance are needed to help understand this relationship.

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“…Dietary requirements for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are increased and almost 50% of total bone mineral is deposited at 9-18 y in females and 10-20 y in males (Matkovic, 1991). Several Ca supplementation studies have been conducted in children and adolescents, which have shown that Ca supplementation is associated with increases in bone mineral content, which may be attributable to a reduction in bone turnover rate mediated by reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion (Johnston et al, 1992;Lloyd et al, 1993;Cadogan et al, 1997;Slemenda et al, 1997;Dibba et al, 2000;Wastney et al, 2000;Ginty et al 2002a, b;Prentice et al, 2002;Stear et al, 2003). In adults, other nutrients have been postulated to have direct and/or indirect effects on Ca and bone metabolism and bone mineral status, including magnesium (Mg) (Sojka & Weaver, 1995;Tucker et al, 1999;New et al, 2000), vitamin D (Holick, 1996), and potassium (K) (Sojka & Weaver, 1995;Tucker et al, 1999;New et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of usual nutrient intake and vitamin D status on markers of bone turnover in Swiss adolescents

et al. 2004

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of nutrient intake and vitamin D status on markers of type I collagen formation and degradation in adolescent boys and girls. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Canton of Vaud, West Switzerland. Subjects: A total of 92 boys and 104 girls, aged 11-16 y. Data were collected on height, weight, pubertal status (self-assessment of Tanner stage), nutrient intake (3-day dietary record) and fasting serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and markers of collagen formation (P1NP) and degradation (serum C-terminal telopeptides: S-CTX). Results: Tanner stage was a significant determinant of P1NP in boys and girls and S-CTX in girls. Of the nutrients examined, only the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) was positively associated with P1NP in boys, after adjustment for pubertal status. 25OHD decreased significantly at each Tanner stage in boys. Overall, 15% of boys and 17% of girls were identified as being vitamin D insufficient (serum 25OHD o30 nmol/l), with the highest proportion of insufficiency at Tanner stage 4-5 (29%) in boys and at Tanner stage 3 (24%) in girls. A significant association was not found between 25OHD and either bone turnover marker, nor was 25OHD insufficiency associated with higher concentrations of the bone turnover markers. Conclusions: The marked effects of puberty on bone metabolism may have obscured any possible effects of diet and vitamin D status on markers of bone metabolism. The mechanistic basis for the positive association between dietary Ca/P ratio and P1NP in boys is not clear and may be attributable to a higher Ca intake per se, a critical balance between Ca and P intake or higher dairy product consumption. A higher incidence of vitamin D insufficiency in older adolescents may reflect a more sedentary lifestyle or increased utilisation of 25OHD, and suggests that further research is needed to define their requirements.

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Effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in Gambian children accustomed to a low-calcium diet

Abstract: Increased calcium intake resulted in increased bone mineral status, possibly in association with a decreased bone remodeling space. Further studies are needed to determine whether an increased calcium intake has long-term benefits in Gambian children.

Cited by 209 publications

References 22 publications

High intake of milk, but not meat, decreases bone turnover in prepubertal boys after 7 days

High intake of milk, but not meat, decreases bone turnover in prepubertal boys after 7 days

Ethnic differences in the relationship between fasting leptin and BMI in children

Effects of usual nutrient intake and vitamin D status on markers of bone turnover in Swiss adolescents

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