Effect of calcium–silicon ratio on microstructure and nanostructure of calcium silicate hydrate synthesized by reaction of fumed silica and calcium oxide at room temperature

He, Yongjia; Lü, Linnü; Struble, Leslie J.; Rapp, Jennifer L.; Mondal, Paramita; Hu, Shuguang

doi:10.1617/s11527-013-0062-0

Cited by 73 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…That morphology is in keeping with the descriptions provided by He et al. in a study that addressed the microstructure of the C–S–H gels with different Ca/Si ratios resulting from the reaction between SF and Ca(OH) 2 , in which the morphology of the gels with ratios of 0.6 to 1.0 was observed to be as described here.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The scantly crystalline synthetic gels present in the Ca(OH) 2 /SiO 2 system nonetheless generated a few weak, wide lines on the XRD patterns . A more detailed view (enlarged photograph) of the 2θ = 29°–30° diffraction area revealed a new crystalline phase at around 2θ = 29.4°.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The data showed that the Ca/Si ratio declined as reaction time rose. These patterns are consistent with the findings obtained by other authors for C–S–H gels (Ca/Si = 0.60–1.0) forming in SF/Ca(OH) 2 systems. The gels generated by the pozzolanic reaction showed lower Ca/Si ratios than the C–S–H gels obtained during portland cement hydration (Ca/Si ≃ 1.7)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)₂ System

et al. 2015

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Despite technological improvements in its production process, the sanitary ware industry inevitably generates a certain volume of discards, products whose quality is not up to standard. The present paper is the first to scientifically explore clay‐based sanitary ware waste (SW) with a view to its valorization as an addition in the design of new, more environmentally friendly cements. The focus is on characterization of the waste and its pozzolanicity, as well as the structural and microstructural changes taking place in the pozzolan/Ca(OH)2 system in the first 90 d of reaction. The findings show that pozzolanicity in clay‐based waste is comparable to the activity observed in silica fume (SF) and higher than that found in other clay‐based materials and fly ash (FA). The microstructural study of the clay‐based waste/Ca(OH)2 system, in turn, reveals that the proportion of C–S–H gels rises with hydration time. These gels are characterized by long mean chain lengths (MCL) and low Ca/Si ratios. The intrinsic characteristics of this thermally activated clay‐based waste qualify it as a type Q pozzolans as defined in the European cement standards, making it apt for use in the manufacture of CEM II, IV, and V cements.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)₂ System

et al. 2015

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“…A peak at 7.5° was observed, which indicates the basal (001) reflection of the tobermorite‐like structure (Ca 5 Si 6 O 16 (OH) 2 ) . This peak decreased with increasing C/S ratio, similar to previous reports . Two significant peaks at 18° and 34°, which are associated with CH (Ca(OH) 2 ), appeared because of excess calcium.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…17 This peak decreased with increasing C/S ratio, similar to previous reports. 15,28,29 Two significant peaks at 18°and 34°, which are associated with CH (Ca(OH) 2 ), appeared because of excess calcium. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Calcium Silicate Hydrate in Highly Alkaline System

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2016

J. Am. Ceram. Soc.

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Synthesis of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) was conducted over the range of 50°C-90°C and C/S ratio of 0.86-2.14 in the highly alkaline Na 2 O-CaO-SiO 2 -H 2 O system for silicon utilization in high alumina fly ash. Structural change in C-S-H formed in the highly alkaline system was investigated using XRD and 29 Si MAS NMR spectra. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to confirm the amount of sodium ions in C-S-H. Conversion of Si may reach 99% under optimum conditions. A higher degree of polymerization of silicate was obtained at lower temperature and C/S ratio. Na + was confirmed to exist as Na-OSi and Na-OH. The amount of Na + is the least at C/S ratio of 1.43, which conform to the prediction of topological constraint theory. High Ca/Si ratio leads to the increasing in Na + combined in the interlayer. Increasing in the Na + concentration in the system also increases the amount of Na + combined in the interlayer and reduces the polymerization. Ion exchange was proven to be an effective way to remove Na + combined in the interlayer of C-S-H.

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Isolation of a wide range of minerals from a thermally treated plant: Equisetum arvense, a Mare’s tale

et al. 2016

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Silica is the second most abundant biomineral being exceeded in nature only by biogenic CaCO3. Many land plants (such as rice, cereals, cucumber, etc.) deposit silica in significant amounts to reinforce their tissues and as a systematic response to pathogen attack. One of the most ancient species of living vascular plants, Equisetum arvense is also able to take up and accumulate silica in all parts of the plant. Numerous methods have been developed for elimination of the organic material and/or metal ions present in plant material to isolate biogenic silica. However, depending on the chemical and/or physical treatment applied to branch or stem from Equisetum arvense; other mineral forms such glass-type materials (i.e. CaSiO3), salts (i.e. KCl) or luminescent materials can also be isolated from the plant material. In the current contribution, we show the chemical and/or thermal routes that lead to the formation of a number of different mineral types in addition to biogenic silica.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00775-015-1320-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Effect of calcium–silicon ratio on microstructure and nanostructure of calcium silicate hydrate synthesized by reaction of fumed silica and calcium oxide at room temperature

Cited by 73 publications

References 47 publications

Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)₂ System

Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)₂ System

Synthesis of Calcium Silicate Hydrate in Highly Alkaline System

Isolation of a wide range of minerals from a thermally treated plant: Equisetum arvense, a Mare’s tale

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Effect of calcium–silicon ratio on microstructure and nanostructure of calcium silicate hydrate synthesized by reaction of fumed silica and calcium oxide at room temperature

Cited by 73 publications

References 47 publications

Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)2 System

Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)2 System

Synthesis of Calcium Silicate Hydrate in Highly Alkaline System

Isolation of a wide range of minerals from a thermally treated plant: Equisetum arvense, a Mare’s tale

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Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)₂ System

Mineralogy and Microstructure of Hydrated Phases During the Pozzolanic Reaction in the Sanitary Ware Waste/Ca(OH)₂ System