Effect of calcium hydroxide form and placement on root dentine pH

Pérez, Fabienne; Franchi, Martino V.; Péli, Jean-François

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00409.x

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Human CGRP was purchased from SPI-BIO (Montigny le Bretonneux, France) and was diluted to 0.25ng/ml. The concentrations of these inflammatory mediators are within the physiologic range found in pulpal and periradicular tissues as well as other orofacial tissues (31–33). IL-1α (0.125ng/mL) was incubated with calcium hydroxide (0.035%) (UltraCal XS™, Ultradent products Inc. South Jordan, UT, USA) for 1, 3 and 7 days at 37°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A number of studies have examined the diffusion of hydroxyl ions across the dentinal tubules following placement of calcium hydroxide in the root canal systems (25,33). A recent in vitro study examined the diffusion of different preparations of calcium hydroxide (including the preparation used in this study UltraCal) in a simulated periradicular environment (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A commonly used method involves placing the samples in tubes/vials of distilled water and then measuring changes in the pH of the water (34). Another approach is to place microelectrodes into cavities prepared on the root surface in order to measure changes in pH (25, 33). Both these methods are not truly reflective of the concentration of hydroxyl ions in the periradicular space in vivo as extracellular fluids contain buffers which maintain the pH within a range of 7.35 to 7.45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Neuropeptides

Khan

Sun

Hargreaves

2008

Journal of Endodontics

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Calcium hydroxide, a widely used intracanal medicament, is known to exert an antimicrobial effect and degrade bacterial-derived lipopolysaccharides. However, little is known about the effect of Ca(OH)2 on endogenous inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). This is an important gap in knowledge since these inflammatory mediators play an important role in mediating the pathogenesis of periradicular periodontitis. We tested the hypothesis that Ca(OH)2 denatures IL-1α, TNFα and CGRP. Human IL-1α (0.125ng/ml), TNFα (0.2ng/ml) and CGRP (0.25ng/mL) were incubated with Ca(OH)2 (0.035mg/mL) for 1 to 7 days. At the end of the incubation period, the pH of the samples was neutralized and the concentrations of the mediators measured by immunoassays. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests. The results indicate that Ca(OH)2 denatures IL-1α, TNFα and CGRP by 50–100% over the testing periods (p<0.001). We conclude that denaturation of these pro-inflammatory mediators is a potential mechanism by which Ca(OH)2 contributes to the resolution of periradicular periodontitis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Neuropeptides

Khan

Sun

Hargreaves

2008

Journal of Endodontics

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“…The reason for the slow diffusion of hydroxyl ions into dentine is the powerful buffering capacity of dentine, which creates a concentration gradient across the root wall. 136,[138][139][140][141] Dressing the canal for one week has been shown to be an efficient method in the clinical setting. 97 After canal preparation and final irrigation, residual fluid should be aspirated leaving the canal walls moist since the antimicrobial effectiveness of calcium hydroxide depends on an aqueous environment.…”

Section: Dressingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A big role for the very small—understanding the endodontic microbial flora

Figdor

Sundqvist

2007

Australian Dental Journal

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Apical periodontitis, an inflammatory process around the apex of a tooth root, is primarily a sequel to microbial infection of the pulp space. The microbial flora is composed of a restricted group of the total oral flora, selected by environmental pressures of anaerobiosis, nutrition and competition with other species and inhabits the root canal as a biofilm of coaggregated communities in an extracellular matrix. The untreated infected canal is generally composed of a polymicrobial mix with approximately equal proportions of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, dominated by obligate anaerobes. The type of microbial flora in the root-filled tooth with persistent apical periodontitis has very different characteristics. These infections are characterized by one or just a few species, predominantly Grampositive micro-organisms with an equal distribution of facultative and obligate anaerobes. Enterococcus faecalis has been a conspicuous finding in most studies. Because the primary aetiological problem is infection, endodontic treatment is directed at control and elimination of the root canal flora by working in a sterile way. Based on current knowledge, the best available method for obtaining clean, microbe-free root canals is by instrumentation with antimicrobial irrigation reinforced by an intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide.Key words: Root canal flora, ecological niche, antibacterial treatment, root canal preparation, root canal irrigants.Abbreviations and acronyms: EDTA = ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid; FTM = fluid thioglycolate medium; NaOCI = sodium hypochlorite solution; SEM = scanning electron microscope.

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“…However, regardless of the bleaching agent employed, there is ion diffusion through the dentinal tubules, with pH changes of the external medium to the root surface. 25 According to Pérez (2001) 26 an aqueous calcium hydroxide paste placed in the pulp chamber increased dentinal pH more than the other techniques. The dentine pH is affected by the form of calcium hydroxide used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on pH Changes of the External Medium after Intracoronal Bleaching

Jeronymo²,

Yui³

et al. 2011

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: This in vitro study evaluated the effect of calcium hydroxide on pH changes of the external medium after intracoronal bleaching. Materials and methods:A total of 50 extracted human premolars were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and endodontic sealer. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups according to the bleaching agents employed: (a) Sterile cotton pellet with distilled water (control group); (b) sodium perborate and distilled water; (c) sodium perborate and 10% carbamide peroxide; (d) sodium perborate and 35% hydrogen peroxide; (e) 35% hydrogen peroxide. The teeth were stored in vials containing distilled water and the pH values of the medium surrounding the teeth were analyzed. After 7-day storage, the bleaching agent was removed and replaced by calcium hydroxide, and the distilled water was changed, in which the teeth were kept stored for further 14 days. Measurement of pH of the external medium (distilled water) was performed 7 days after insertion of the bleaching agents, immediately, 7 and 14 days after insertion of the calcium hydroxide. Data were submitted to statistical analysis by the two-way ANOVA and Tukey , s test.Results: There were pH changes of the external medium at 7-day period after bleaching procedures. These results confirmed the diffusion of bleaching agents to the external medium. Conclusion:Calcium hydroxide increased the external medium pH and was effective for pH alkalinization after intracoronal bleaching.Clinical significance: Intracoronal bleaching of endodontically treated teeth may cause cervical root resorption. A possible explanation for this process is the passage of bleaching agents to the periodontal tissues yielding an inflammatory process. In an attempt to keep the neutrality of the periodontal pH, the calcium hydroxide has been recommended.Results of this study showed that this material should be always used after intracoronal bleaching.

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Effect of calcium hydroxide form and placement on root dentine pH

Abstract: Under the conditions of this study, an aqueous calcium hydroxide paste placed in the pulp chamber increased dentinal pH more than the other techniques. The pH of dentine is affected by the form of calcium hydroxide used.

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Neuropeptides

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Proinflammatory Cytokines and Neuropeptides

A big role for the very small—understanding the endodontic microbial flora

Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on pH Changes of the External Medium after Intracoronal Bleaching

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