Effect of Calcium and Phosphorus on Retention of Lead by Growing Organism

Lederer, Ludwig G.; Bing, Franklin C.

doi:10.1001/jama.1940.62810250009009

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In the rat, low dietary intake of calcium leads to increased retention (2,11,12,14,16) and toxicity of lead (12,16). Low dietary intake of phosphorus enhances the effect of a low calcium diet, whereas low dietary intake of phosphorus alone has little effect (2,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption and Retention of Lead by Infants

et al. 1978

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, high dietary intake of calcium diminishes lead absorption (2). Calcium and phosphorus act primarily on intestinal absorption of lead (2,11,14), although low dietary intake of calcium also alters metabolism of lead in bone (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and Retention of Lead by Infants

et al. 1978

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“…Pb and Ca competition for absorption from the intestine has been documented in animal models. [21][22][23][24][25] Ca intake and BPbs are inversely related in children. 26 -29 Ca intake is well below the daily recommended intake in other countries such as China.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Randomized Trial of Calcium Supplementation for Childhood Lead Poisoning

2004

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Lead (Pb) poisoning remains a common disease among children despite successful public health efforts that have reduced its prevalence. Treatment options for children with blood Pb levels (BPbs) <45 g/dL are limited because chelation therapy is generally not indicated. Calcium (Ca) and Pb interactions are well documented. Competition for binding to Ca-binding proteins may underlie a mechanism for Pb absorption. The purpose of this study was to determine the role, if any, of supplemental Ca at reducing BPbs in moderately poisoned children.Methods. Children aged 1 to 6 years with BPbs 10 to 45 g/dL were enrolled in a double-blinded, placebocontrolled trial of the effects of Ca supplementation on BPbs. Children received either a Ca-containing liquid or an indistinguishable placebo. Dosage was adjusted biweekly on the basis of responses to a dietary Ca intake questionnaire to reach 1800 mg in the Ca-supplemented group. Samples for BPbs and measures to assess safety were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation and after an additional 3 months of follow-up. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were performed.Results. A total of 67 of 88 enrolled children with a mean age of 3.6 years completed 3 months of supplementation. There were no statistically significant differences between groups on hematologic and biochemical measures, including serum and urinary Ca, at any time points. The average compliance rate was estimated to be 80% for each group during the 3-month supplementation period.Conclusions. At enrollment, the average daily Ca intake in this group of inner-city children was greater than the recommended daily intake for age. Although BPbs declined during a 3-month period in both groups, Ca supplementation aimed at providing 1800 mg of Ca/day had no effect on the change in BPbs. Ca supplementation should not be routinely prescribed for mild to moderately Pb-poisoned children who are dietarily Ca sufficient. Pediatrics 2004;113:e34 -e39. URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/1/e34; lead, lead poisoning, calcium, calcium supplementation.ABBREVIATIONS. Pb, lead; BPb, blood lead level; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; EP, erythrocyte protoporphyrin; AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry; SD, standard deviation; sCa, serum calcium; uCa, urinary calcium; uCr, urinary creatinine. C hildhood lead (Pb) poisoning is prevalent worldwide. In the United States alone, an estimated 0.5 million preschool-aged children have elevated blood Pb levels (BPbs; Ն10 g/dL). 1 The poisoning of this large number of children is, in large part, the consequence of the widespread presence of leaded paint in US residential housing. The National Academy of Sciences estimates that there are 3 million tons of leaded paint in housing built primarily before 1960. 2 Outside the US, the continued use of leaded gasoline is associated with elevated BPbs in urban populations. 3 A study completed recently in India found that average BPbs in 5 major cities were comparable to that in the U...

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“…The ability of increases in dietary calcium to reduce lead toxicity was first identified more than 50 years ago (45). Effective use of this knowledge to help prevent the serious consequences of lead exposure is long overdue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Poisoning: One Approach to a Problem That Won't go Away

Bogden¹,

Oleske²,

Louria³

1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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A reduction in sources of environmental lead exposure has resulted in substantial declines in mean blood lead concentrations of all age groups -in the United State. However, some segments Of the population continue to have unacceptable levels of lead exposure and elevaWd blood lead concenations. In addition, virtually all residents of industrialized countries have bone lead stores that are sveral orders of magnitude ater than those of our preindu ancestors.Re cen nstudiessuge that these skeetal led stores adv ely ect health and can contribute to reduced birth weights, agive behavior in children, and anemia, hypertension, and kidney disease in adults. Evidence is decribed tht demonstrates that an increase in dietary calcium consumption can reduce lead absorption and toxicity from cxogenous and endogenous lead exposure. A tly p and effectiw way to reduce the substial morbidity that will result firm widespread lead exposure is by ftificton of a vriety of fiods with low levels of calcium. This approac can complement other efforts to prewent lead exposure and reduce lead toxicity.

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Effect of Calcium and Phosphorus on Retention of Lead by Growing Organism

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Absorption and Retention of Lead by Infants

Absorption and Retention of Lead by Infants

A Randomized Trial of Calcium Supplementation for Childhood Lead Poisoning

Lead Poisoning: One Approach to a Problem That Won't go Away

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