Effect of Caffeine and 1,3-Dimethylamylamine on Exercise Performance and Blood Markers of Lipolysis and Oxidative Stress in Trained Men and Women

Abstract

Background: Caffeine is one of the most widely used ergogenic aids worldwide. Recently, caffeine has been combined with 1,3-dimethylamylamine (1,3-D) in an attempt to improve exercise performance and related variables. We investigated the effect of caffeine and 1,3-D alone and in combination on exercise performance and blood markers of lipolysis and oxidative stress. Methods: Twelve exercise-trained subjects ingested placebo, caffeine (4 mg$kg À1 ), 1,3-D (1 mg$kg À1 ), or caffeine + 1,3-D, 60 minutes before completing a 10 km run. Blood was collected before intake, immediately pre-exercise, and at 5 and 30 minutes postexercise. Samples were analyzed for glycerol, free fatty acids (FFAs), malondialdehyde, nitrate/nitrite, and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results: Run time (minutes) was not different for placebo (52.55 -1.96), caffeine (52.00 -1.88), 1,3-D (52.02 -1.86), or caffeine + 1,3-D (52.46 -1.94) ( p > 0.05). Glycerol and FFA were higher 5 and 30 minutes postexercise compared with pretreatment and pre-exercise ( p < 0.05). A condition effect was noted for glycerol ( p = 0.01), with higher values for 1,3-D compared with caffeine + 1,3-D ( p < 0.05). A condition effect was noted for TEAC ( p = 0.0001), with higher values for placebo compared with caffeine and caffeine + 1,3-D, and higher values for 1,3-D compared with caffeine ( p < 0.05). No other effects were noted for any measured variable ( p > 0.05).

Efeito da suplementação aguda com cafeína na resposta bioquímica durante exercício de endurance em ratos

“…Uma maior mobilização de gorduras para o consumo muscular durante o exercício poderia estar promovendo economia no consumo de glicose e a manutenção dos níveis glicêmicos, o que parece ser essencial durante o esforço de longa duração, particularmente no que se refere à prevenção da fadiga central 17,18 . A cafeína aumentou em 31% os níveis glicerol após o teste de esforço comparado ao grupo salina exercitado (P<0.05).…”

“…A cafeína aumentou em 31% os níveis glicerol após o teste de esforço comparado ao grupo salina exercitado (P<0.05). A concentração de glicerol sérico esta diretamente relacionado com a concentração de ácidos graxos no sangue, como observado por Bloomer et al 17 que relataram uma relação entre a quantidade aumentada de glicerol sérico e o maior consumo de ácidos graxos no musculoesquelético. Estudos mostram que a cafeína exerce efeito na oxidação de gorduras devido ao aumento da liberação de catecolaminas, mecanismo envolvido pelo aumento de AMPc via enzima fosfodiseterase (PDE) 18,19 .…”

Effects of controlled doses of Oxyelite Pro on physical performance in rats

“…Bloomer et al [25] did not observe effect on running time in humans after acute ingestion of DMAA or its combination with caffeine. However, the authors reported that their results may have been biased due to previously daily use of caffeine throughout the protocol informed by the participants.…”

Acute Stimulant Ingestion and Neurocognitive Performance in Healthy Participants

“…This dietary supplement contains several ingredients, including the stimulants caffeine and DMAA. Researchers [14][15][16] have reported the effects of this combination on metabolism and physical performance but not on cognitive performance. Unfortunately, determining which ingredient was primarily responsible for the cognitive changes was not within the scope of my study, and no investigators have investigated the effect of DMAA alone on these measures.…”

“…For example, neurocognitive impairments have been observed in concussed athletes who were asymptomatic at the time. 14,[19][20][21] This finding suggested that full recovery had not occurred, even in the absence of reported symptoms, and that without neurocognitive testing, a premature return to participation might have occurred. Premature return to participation may have serious consequences if the athlete is still in a vulnerable state.…”