Effect of cadmium on growth and respiration of barley plants grown under two temperature regimes

Uptake of chromium by Salvinia minima: Effect on plant growth, leaf respiration and carbohydrate metabolism

“…It is known that low or moderate heavy metal concentrations do not affect or even enhance some metabolic functions such as mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and growth whereas high metal concentrations reduce metabolic functions [4,5]. The exposure of plants to heavy metals also stimulates the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can damage different macromolecules (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), thereby to affect both mitochondrial respiration and carbohydrate metabolism [6][7][8]. Plant mitochondrial respiration comprises the cytochrome pathway (cyanide-sensitive) and the alternative pathway (cyanide-resistant) that includes an alternative oxidase activity (AOX) [9].…”

“…Furthermore, recent findings also suggest that function of the alternative pathway is to allow a flexible control of ATP synthesis and sucrose level to maintain a growth rate and homeostasis relatively stable [11]. Despite that heavy metals increase alternative respiratory pathway [7,12,13], the information about relationships between heavy metals, carbohydrate metabolism, and AOX is scarce [6].…”

Alternative respiration as a primary defence during cadmium-induced mitochondrial oxidative challenge in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…The connection between metal toxicity and cellular redox disturbances has been the subject of intensive research (Sharma and Dietz, 2009) and recently, plant mitochondria were suggested to concurrently be targets and regulators of Cd-induced oxidative stress and resulting signalling (Bi et al, 2009). However, as most experiments were carried out using Cd concentrations in a highly toxic range (Garmash and Golovko, 2009;Schwarzländer et al, 2009), it remains an open question whether Cd concentrations present in soils from contaminated fields provoke similar effects.…”

“…Similarly, Duan et al (2010) suggested AOX as an indicator of a plant's resistance to Cd based on its differential response in three wheat cultivars. In addition, Garmash and Golovko (2009) have shown strong stimulatory effects of Cd concentrations ranging from 30 to 100 M on the alternative respiratory rate and assigned a major homeostatic role to this pathway in Cd-stressed barley plants. Recently, Wang et al (2013) have demonstrated that Cd-induced alternative respiration is an important detoxification mechanism in rice.…”

The Chlamydomonas alternative oxidase 1 is regulated by cadmium stress: New insights into control of expression

“…AOX is currently considered as a regulator of stress responses in plants (Rhoads et al, 2006;Van Aken et al, 2009). As analysis of the AOX respiration under Cd treatment in the green lineage has yet only been performed on photosynthetic organism Euglena gracilis (Castro-Guerrero et al, 2008), in barley plants (Garmash and Golovko, 2009) and in Arabidopsis thaliana (Keunen et al, 2015(Keunen et al, , 2016, we have carried out a study on the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (herein referred to as Chlamydomonas). To study fundamental problems in plant mitochondria, Chlamydomonas has proved an excellent model organism (Rochaix et al, 1998;Harris, 2009).…”