Effect of Cadmium and Lead Exposure on Tissue Specific Antioxidant Response in Spodoptera litura

Abstract

Introduction: Oxidative stress in insects may result from an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants under a significant impact of metals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, are generated from normal metabolic processes in all oxygen-utilizing organisms. In the present study was designed to the impact of heavy metal (Cadmium and Lead) toxicity and its free radical scavenging enzymes in Spodoptera litura larvae. Methods: Heavy metals were administered using artificial diet method having different concentrations. The metal toxicity was observed after 24 and 48 hrs post treatment. In antioxidant parameters were SOD, CAT, POX, GST, LPO, ACP and AKP were assessed. In additionally metal accumulation analysis using ICP-MS. Results: In particular, after exposure to diets containing environmentally relevant concentration (Cd 0.3 mg, Cd 0. 44 mg, Cd 0.50 mg or Pb 0.48 mg, Pb 4.8 mg, Pb 9.6 mg) at 48 hrs changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured in larvae. The results showed that compared with control, the based on concentration significantly increased of antioxidant enzymes activities. In ICP-MS analysis results shows based on the concentration Pb 9.6 mg, 325.61 ppm/mg -1 and Cd 0.44 mg, 36.5 ppm/mg -1 will be increased. Conclusion: In conclusion antioxidant systems of S. litura were altered by Cd and Pb exposure as determined by measuring in the enzymes activities. All of Cd and Pb result in strong oxidative stress and toxicity to S. litura larvae. Based on the results we suggest that metal toxicity and metal accumulation of insects influenced by Cadmium chloride and Lead nitrate in S. litura larvae.

Evaluation of genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus on Spodoptera litura

“…The significant higher MDA content observed in treated insects as compared to control insects is consistent with work reported previously in S. litura by Kaur et al (2018). Similar increases in lipid peroxidation were also observed in S. litura and Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) after exposure to heavy metals and boric acid respectively (B€ uy€ ukg€ uzel et al 2013;Suganya et al 2016). Exposure to A. flavus extract was found to decrease the percentage of living cells and increase the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells as compared to the control.…”

“…2013; Suganya et al . ). Exposure to A. flavus extract was found to decrease the percentage of living cells and increase the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic cells as compared to the control.…”

Effect of Metal Stress due to Strontium and The Mechanisms of Tolerating it by Amaranthus caudatus L.

“…Our data suggest that the toxic effects of strontium invokes a strong inhibition of root length, shoot length, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids), protein but a significant enhancement of anthocyanin, proline, free amino acids, leaf nitrate. Likewise the activity of nitrate reductase got significantly reduced while activity of catalase and peroxidase were increased [59]. Our result suggest that strontium in high concentration makes the soil toxic to the plants and results in growth inhibition, structural damage, decline in physiological and biochemical activities of plants.…”

Effect of Cadmium and Lead on Total Hemocyte Count of Achroia grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…Borowska et al (2004) showed that rearing Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae on an artificial media contaminated with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) resulted in their accumulation in the body and this accumulation disturbed the larval development and the survival rate of larvae and pupae. Suganya et al (2016) studied the toxicity and antioxidant enzymes activity of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae against heavy metal application. They observed that Cd and Pb metals are toxic on S. litura larvae and cause strong oxidative stres.…”